The effect of a local promotional campaign on preconceptional lifestyle changes and the use of preconception care

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of study participant recruitment.

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of women who participated in the study before (no exposure) or after (exposure) the local intervention to promote PCC.

Characteristics	No exposure (n = 283)	Exposure (n = 257)	p-value
Ethnicity			.009*
Caucasian	223 (82.9)	219 (90.9)
Non-Caucasian	46 (17.1)	22 (9.1)
Age (years)	33 (30–36)	31 (28–34.5)	.001*
16–24	15 (5.7)	9 (3.7)	.002*
25–29	46 (17.4)	77 (32.0)
30–34	117 (44.2)	95 (39.4)
≥35	87 (32.8)	60 (24.9)
Education^a			.543
Low	28 (11.1)	24 (10.0)
Moderate	72 (28.5)	59 (24.7)
High	153 (60.5)	156 (65.3)
Gross household income^b			.386
<18.300	9 (5.5)	12 (6.7)
18.300–28.100	28 (17.2)	22 (12.4)
28.100–42.200	28 (17.2)	41 (23.0)
≥42.200	98 (60.1)	103 (57.9)
Parity			.026*
0	124 (45.8)	90 (36.9)
1	104 (38.4)	94 (38.5)
≥2	43 (15.9)	60 (24.6)
Time to pregnancy (months)	3 (1–8)	3 (1–6)	.169
<6	136 (62.1)	146 (73.4)	.079
6–12	35 (16.0)	26 (13.1)
12–24	26 (11.9)	16 (8.0)
≥24	22 (10.0)	11 (5.5)
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.5 (20.6–24.8)	22.5 (20.7–25.8)	.422
Underweight (<18.5)	13 (5.2)	8 (3.4)	.199
Normal weight (18.5–25)	184 (73.0)	158 (66.9)
Overweight (25–30)	39 (15.5)	47 (19.9)
Obese (≥30)	16 (6.3)	23 (9.7)
Chronic illness	30 (11.1)	28 (11.5)	.890
Smoking	56 (20.7)	32 (13.0)	.026*
Alcohol use	154 (56.5)	140 (57.1)	1.000

Values are presented as median (IQR) or n (%). *p < .05.

^a Low: none, lower vocational education, lower secondary education; moderate: intermediate vocational education, high school, pre-university education; high: higher vocational education, university.

^b In euro’s, categorised according to the percentiles of disposable household income of the Netherlands.

Table 2. Preconceptional lifestyle changes and PCC use following exposure to a local intervention to promote PCC.

	No exposure (n = 283)	Exposure (n = 257)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)
PCC use
Searched for information			1.11 (0.78–1.58)	1.12 (0.76–1.63)
No	110 (40.7)	97 (38.2)
Yes	160 (59.3)	157 (61.8)
Consulted health care provider			1.14 (0.77–1.68)	1.29 (0.83–1.98)
No	210 (75.5)	187 (73.0)
Yes	68 (24.5)	69 (27.0)
Preconceptional lifestyle changes
Follow ≥1 of 4 lifestyle changes^b			1.32 (0.91–1.91)	1.52 (1.00–2.31)
No	91 (32.2)	68 (26.5)
Yes	192 (67.8)	189 (73.5)
Healthier nutritional habits			1.12 (0.78–1.62)	1.29 (0.87–1.92)
No	176 (66.9)	155 (64.3)
Yes	87 (33.1)	86 (35.7)
Folic acid use			1.42 (0.99–2.04)	1.44 (0.97–2.15)
No	111 (41.0)	80 (32.8)
Yes	160 (59.0)	164 (67.2)
Alcohol use^c
No change	79 (51.3)	53 (37.6)	ref	ref
Reduced drinking	35 (22.7)	49 (34.8)	2.09 (1.20–3.64)	2.10 (1.15–3.84)
Quit drinking	40 (26.0)	39 (27.7)	1.45 (0.83–02.55)	1.44 (0.79–2.61)
Smoking^d
No change	19 (33.9)	9 (28.1)	ref	ref
Reduced smoking	16 (28.6)	10 (31.3)	1.32 (0.43–4.04)	1.01 (0.27–3.77)
Quit smoking	21 (37.5)	13 (40.6)	1.31 (0.46–3.74)	1.93 (0.48–7.75)

Values are presented as n (%).

^a Adjusted for age, educational level and nulliparity.

^b Healthier diet, folic acid use, quit drinking and quit smoking during preconception period.

^c p-value for trend: .032.

^d p-value for trend: .854. ref: reference category.

Table 3. Preconceptional and prenatal lifestyle changes following exposure to a local intervention to promote PCC.

	No exposure (n = 283)	Exposure (n = 257)	Crude OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR^a (95% CI)
Healthier nutritional habits
No change	83 (30.6)	81 (32.8)	ref
Changed preconceptionally	87 (32.1)	86 (34.8)	1.01 (0.66–1.55)	1.15 (0.72–1.83)
Changed prenatally	101 (37.3)	80 (32.4)	0.81 (0.53–1.24)	0.80 (0.51–1.26)
Folic acid use
No use	6 (2.2)	1 (0.4)	ref
Started preconceptionally	160 (59.0)	164 (67.2)	6.15 (0.73–51.66)	3.21 (0.32–31.95)
Started prenatally	105 (38.7)	79 (32.4)	4.51 (0.53–38.26)	2.26 (0.23–22.63)
Quit alcohol
Did not quit	18 (11.7)	2 (1.4)	ref
Quit preconceptionally	40 (26.0)	39 (27.7)	8.78 (1.91–40.36)	9.20 (1.94–43.55)
Quit prenatally	96 (62.3)	100 (70.9)	9.38 (2.12–41.49)	10.14 (2.23–46.08)
Quit smoking
Did not quit	15 (26.8)	7 (21.9)	ref
Quit preconceptionally	21 (37.5)	13 (40.6)	1.33 (0.43–4.12)	3.15 (0.67–14.85)
Quit prenatally	20 (35.7)	12 (37.5)	1.29 (0.41–4.05)	2.04 (0.51–8.23)

Values are presented as n (%).

^a Adjusted for age, educational level and nulliparity. ref: reference category.