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Case study

Prophylactic academic intervention for children treated with cranial radiation therapy

, PhD &
Pages 19-26 | Received 30 Jun 2005, Accepted 09 Dec 2005, Published online: 10 Jul 2009
 

Abstract

This single case study investigated the feasibility and effectiveness of a prophylactic intervention for improving academic skills in a child with a brain tumour deemed at high risk for cognitive delay and academic failure because of cranial radiation treatment (CRT). An 8 year old boy participated in a 12 week home and hospital based tutoring programme. Standardized and non-standardized measures of academic achievement were administered at pre- and post-intervention. A follow-up assessment took place 8 months post-intervention (standardized measures only). Pre-test and follow-up neuropsychological data was collected. Significant improvement was observed on the Wechsler Individual Achievement Test–2nd Edition (WIAT-II) pseudoword decoding and spelling sub-tests and on measures of single word and grapheme knowledge. There was no improvement on the WIAT-II math sub-tests. At follow-up, gains were maintained or improved for reading-related sub-tests but declined for math and spelling sub-tests. Overall, neuropsychological data showed decreased performance. The gains in reading skills were made in the context of an overall decline in neuropsychological functioning, suggesting that the intervention helped to preserve reading skills and may be protective against difficulty with skill acquisition, but did not prevent a more global decrease in functioning. This study is the first reported prophylactic intervention delivered concurrently with intensive medical treatment.

Notes

Este estudio de un caso único investiga la posibilidad y efectividad de una intervención profiláctica para mejorar las habilidades académicas en un niño con un tumor cerebral, considerado con un alto riesgo para presentar retraso cognitivo y fracasar académicamente debido al tratamiento con la radiación craneal (CRT). Un niño con 8 años de edad participó en un programa tutelar por 12 semanas en casa y en el hospital. Se aplicaron mediciones estandarizadas y no estandarizadas del logro académico antes y después de la intervención. Se realizó una evaluación de seguimiento 8 meses después de la intervención (solo mediciones estandarizadas). Se recolectaron los datos neuropsicologicos del examen previo y del sequimiento. Se observó una mejoría significativa en las subpruebas de deletreo y de decodificación de seudopalabras del Wechler Individual Achievement Test -2nd Edition (WIAT–II) y en las mediciones del conocimiento de palabras únicas y de grafemas. No hubo mejoría en las subpruebas de WIAT–II de matemáticas. Durante el seguimiento las ganancias se mantuvieron o mejoraron en relación a las subpruebas relacionadas a la escritura pero fueron menores en las subpruebas de deletreo y de matemáticas. Los datos neuropsicológicos mostraron una disminución en el desempeño total. Las ganancias en las habilidades de lectura fueron hechas dentro del contexto de una disminición total en el funcionamiento neuropsicológico, sugiriendo esto que la intervención ayudó a preservar la capacidad de lectura, y puede proteger contra la difficultad para adquirir capacidades, pero no logró prevenir una mayor disminución global del funcionamiento. Este estudio es la primera intervención profiláctica brindada concurrentemente con el tratamiento medico intensivo.

Notes

[1] His score improved 7 scaled scores but 8 was required to be outside of the confidence interval for this sub-test.

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