Suicidality in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and its association with receipt of specific secondary mental healthcare treatments

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of sample (n = 745).

	Total sample n (%)	Suicidality reported n (%)	Suicidality not reported n (%)	p Value
	745	48 (6.44)	697 (93.56)
Age groups (years)
< =24	57 (7.65)	13 (22.81)	44 (77.19)	<0.001
25 − 34	169 (22.68)	12 (7.10)	157 (92.90)
35 − 44	207 (27.79)	10 (4.83)	197 (95.17)
45 − 54	193 (25.91)	10 (5.18)	183 (94.82)
55 − 64	97 (13.02)	3 (3.09)	94 (96.91)
> =65	22 (2.95)	0 (0)	22 (100)
Missing	0 (0)
Gender
female	414 (55.75)	30 (7.25)	384 (92.75)	0.318
male	331 (44.43)	18 (5.44)	313 (94.56)
Missing	0 (0)
Ethnicity
White/White British	352 (47.25)	22 (6.25)	330 (93.75)	0.405
Asian/Asian British	44 (5.91)	2 (4.55)	42 (95.45)
Black/Black British	124 (16.64)	6 (4.84)	118 (95.16)
Mixed	18 (2.42)	3 (16.67)	15 (83.33)
Other	158 (21.21)	10 (6.33)	148 (93.67)
Missing	49 (6.58)
Marital status
Single	379 (50.87)	30 (7.92)	349 (92.08)	0.267
Divorced/separated	119 (15.97)	6 (5.04)	113 (94.96)
Widowed	18 (2.42)	0 (0)	18 (100)
Married/cohabiting	147 (19.73)	10 (6.80)	137 (93.20)
Missing	82 (11.01)
Deprivation index
Highest	160 (21.48)	6 (3.75)	154 (96.25)	0.216
Second	157 (21.07)	11 (7.01)	146 (92.99)
Their	147 (19.73)	15 (10.20)	132 (89.80)
Fourth	150 (20.13)	8 (5.33)	142 (94.67)
Lowest	131 (17.58)	8 (6.12)	123 (93.89)
Missing	0 (0)
HoNOS sub-scales
Drug and alcohol misuse (HoNOS sub-scale 3)^†
No	637 (85.50)	27 (4.24)	610 (95.76)	<0.001
Yes	106 (14.23)	21 (19.81)	85 (80.19)
Missing	2 (0.27)
Depressed mood (HoNOS sub-scale 7)^†
No	75 (10.07)	3 (4)	72 (96)	0.362
Yes	669 (89.80)	45 (6.73)	624 (93.27)
Missing	1 (0.13)
Relationship difficulties (HoNOS sub-scale 9)^†
No	306 (41.07)	18 (5.88)	288 (94.12)	0.586
Yes	436 (58.52)	30 (6.88)	406 (93.13)
Missing	3 (0.40)

^†Using a threshold score of 3 or above on each HoNOS sub-scale to define a positive score

Table 2. PTSD treatments by reported suicidality.

	Total sample n (%) n = 745	Suicidality reported n (%) n = 48 (6.44%)	Suicidality not reported n (%) n = 697 (93.56%)	p Value
Antidepressant/antianxiety medication prescribed
No	292 (39.19)	15 (31.25)	277 (39.74)
Yes	453 (60.81)	33 (68.75)	420 (60.26)	0.244
Antipsychotic medication prescribed
No	499 (66.98)	24 (50)	475 (68.15)
Yes	246 (33.02)	24 (50)	222 (31.85)	0.010
Benzodiazepine medication prescribed
No	486 (65.23)	20 (41.67)	466 (66.86)
Yes	259 (34.77)	28 (58.33)	231 (33.14)	<0.001
Any one of the above medications prescribed
No	251 (33.69)	8 (16.67)	243 (34.86)
Yes	494 (66.31)	40 (83.33)	454 (65.14)	0.010
Receipt of psychological therapy*
No	296 (39.73)	10 (20.83)	286 (41.03)
Yes	449 (60.27)	38 (79.17)	411 (58.97)	0.006
Admission to psychiatric inpatient unit or CRHTT**
No	556 (74.63)	17 (35.42)	539 (77.33)
Yes	189 (25.37)	31 (64.58)	158 (22.67)	<0.001

*Defined as having attended ≥3 sessions with a psychological practitioner.

**Defined as having been admitted on ≥1 occasion to a Crisis Resolution and Home Treatment Teams (CRHTT) for at least one full day.

Table 3. Associations between reported suicidality and PTSD treatments.

Treatments	Prevalence of suicidal ideation or suicide attempt N (%)	Model 1 OR* (95% CI)	p Value	Model 2 OR** (95% CI)	p Value	Model 3 OR*** (95% CI)	p Value	Model 4 OR**** (95% CI)	p Value
Antidepressants/antianxiety	453 (61)	1.45 (0.77 − 2.72)	0.246	1.36 (0.72 − 2.57)	0.348	1.27 (0.65 − 2.50)	0.483	1.27 (0.64 − 2.55)	0.494
Antipsychotics	246 (33)	2.14 (1.89 − 3.85)	0.011	2.09 (1.14 − 3.85)	0.017	2.01 (1.06 − 3.84)	0.034	2.27 (1.15 − 4.47)	0.018
Benzodiazepines	259 (35)	2.82 (1.56 − 5.12)	0.001	2.80 (1.52 − 5.15)	0.001	2.45 (1.29 − 4.67)	0.006	2.28 (1.17 − 4.44)	0.015
Any one medication	494 (66)	2.68 (1.23 − 5.81)	0.013	2.54 (1.16 − 5.57)	0.020	2.25 (0.99 − 5.11)	0.052	2.10 (0.91 − 4.85)	0.083
Psychological therapy	449 (60)	2.64 (1.30 − 5.39)	0.007	2.72 (1.30 − 5.69)	0.008	2.69 (1.24 − 5.85)	0.012	2.60 (1.18 − 5.73)	0.018
	Events* (years 100 s)	Model 1 HR* (95% CI)	p Value	Model 2 HR** (95% CI)	p Value	Model 3 HR*** (95% CI)	p Value	Model 4 HR^**** (95% CI)	p Value
Admitted to hospital or CRHTT	31 (50.50)	4.26 (2.89 − 6.28)	<0.001	4.21 (2.84 − 6.24)	<0.001	3.08 (2.03 − 4.66)	<0.001	2.84 (1.82 − 4.45)	<0.001

OR: odds ratio (from logistic regressions); HR: hazard ratio (from Cox regression).

*Model 1: Unadjusted.

**Model 2: Adjusted for time known to the Trust and year of assessment for suicidality.

***Model 3: Adjusted for time known to the Trust, year of assessment for suicidality, and socio-demographic factors.

^****Model 4: Adjusted for time known to the Trust, year of assessment for suicidality, socio-demographic factors, and three HoNOS sub-scales.