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Articles

Do work commutes moderate the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress?

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Pages 589-605 | Received 24 Nov 2016, Accepted 18 Oct 2017, Published online: 04 Jan 2018
 

ABSTRACT

Although numerous studies show that living in a neighborhood that is characterized by disorder (crime and dilapidation) can be psychologically distressing, very few studies have considered the element of exposure time or duration of exposure to adverse neighborhood environments. In this paper, we explore the intersection of commuting, mental health, and the subjective experience of neighborhood disadvantage and impoverished community life. Using data from the Welfare, Children, and Families project (2001), a probability sample of 1057 low-income women with children living in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio, we test whether the association between neighborhood disorder and psychological distress is moderated or attenuated by commuting time and distance. Our results show that although neighborhood disorder is associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and somatization, disorder tends to be less distressing for residents who are able to spend time away from these environments through longer commuting times and distances. In other words, working away from one’s neighborhood of residence may help to mitigate the adverse psychological consequences of neighborhood disorder. Our findings support previous research on the stress process and neighborhood disorder. Our work builds on the commuting literature by re-conceptualizing commuting time and distance as protective resources for disadvantaged populations.

RÉSUMÉ

Bien que de nombreuses études montrent que de vivre dans un quartier caractérisé par le disfonctionnement (crime et délabrement) peut causer un stress psychologique, très peu d’études considèrent l’effet de la durée du temps passé dans l’environnement nocif de ce quartier. Dans cet article, nous explorons le rapport entre le trajet quotidien domicile-travail, la santé morale, et l’expérience subjective de l’inconvénient du quartier et d’une vie communautaire pauvre. A partir d’un échantillon venant des données du Welfare, Children, and Family Project (2001) de 1 057 mères à petit revenu vivant à Boston, Chicago, et San Antonio, nous conduisons une analyse pour déterminer si le rapport entre le disfonctionnement du quartier et le stress psychologique est modéré par la durée et la distance du trajet quotidien domicile-travail. Nos résultats montrent que, bien que le disfonctionnement du quartier soit associé à des niveaux plus élevés d’anxiété, de dépression, et de somatisation, ce disfonctionnement a tendance à être moins pénible pour les résidents du quartier qui peuvent s’en éloigner lors de trajets domicile-travail plus longs, avec des distances plus importantes. Autrement dit, un lieu de travail situé loin du quartier de résidence pourrait aider à atténuer les conséquences psychologiques négatives du disfonctionnement du quartier. Nos résultats sont en accord avec des recherches précédentes sur les processus du stress et du disfonctionnement de quartier. Notre travail s’appuie sur la littérature du sujet trajet domicile-travail en reconceptualisant la durée et la distance de ce trajet en ressource protectrice pour les populations désavantagées.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful feedback that contributed to improving the final version of this paper. They would also like to thank the Editors for their comments and support during the review process. Finally, they would like to thank Terrence Hill for his generous feedback in the early stages of this paper.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Notes on contributors

Anna W. Jacobs is an instructor of Sociology at Austin Peay State University. Her research focuses on people as workers and labor in capitalist societies.

Jennifer M. Brailsford is an instructor of Care, Health, and Society at The University of Arizona. She completed her PhD in Sociology at Florida State University. Her work examines the intersections between environment and health, with a focus on disadvantaged communities.

Notes

2 See American public Transportation Fact Book (Citation2013).

3 See Aultman-Hall, Hall, and Baetz (Citation1997); Carey (Citation2005); Moritz (Citation1997)

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