Introducing the Shorter Dark Tetrad for Muslim Societies (SD4-MS): a study among young adults in Pakistan

Figures & data

Table 1. The Shorter Dark Tetrad: Factor structure.

	Factor loadings
	1	2	3	4
Sadism
Watching a fist-fight excites me	.64		.30
I really enjoy violent films and video games	.76
It’s funny when idiots fall flat on their face	.65
I enjoy watching violent sports	.76
Some people deserve to suffer	.58
Just for kicks, I’ve said mean things on social media	.62
Narcissism
People see me as a natural leader		.69
I have a unique talent for persuading people		.67
Group activities tend to be dull without me		.72
I know that I am special because people keep telling me so		.72
I have some exceptional qualities		.68
I’m likely to become a future star in some area		.65
Psychopathy
People often say I’m out of control			.68
I tend to fight against authorities and their rules			.66
I’ve been in more fights than most people of my age and gender	.34		.66
I tend to dive in, then ask questions later			.65
I’ve been in trouble with the law	.39		.56
I sometimes get into dangerous situations			.66
Machiavellianism
It’s not wise to let people know your secrets				.53
Whatever it takes, you must get the important people on your side				.60
Avoid direct conflict with others because they may be useful in the future				.55
Keep a low profile if you want to get your way				.66
Manipulating the situation takes planning				.61
I love it when a tricky plan succeeds		.32		.57

Note: All loadings below .30 have been suppressed.

Table 2. The Shorter Dark Tetrad: Item correlations.

	r
Sadism
Watching a fist-fight excites me	.58
I really enjoy violent films and video games	.63
It’s funny when idiots fall flat on their face	.54
I enjoy watching violent sports	.65
Some people deserve to suffer	.48
Just for kicks, I’ve said mean things on social media	.56
Narcissism
People see me as a natural leader	.54
I have a unique talent for persuading people	.58
Group activities tend to be dull without me	.59
I know that I am special because people keep telling me so	.61
I have some exceptional qualities	.57
I’m likely to become a future star in some area	.54
Psychopathy
People often say I’m out of control	.53
I tend to fight against authorities and their rules	.56
I’ve been in more fights than most people of my age and gender	.58
I tend to dive in, then ask questions later	.47
I’ve been in trouble with the law	.56
I sometimes get into dangerous situations	.55
Machiavellianism
It’s not wise to let people know your secrets	.33
Whatever it takes, you must get the important people on your side	.42
Avoid direct conflict with others because they may be useful in the future	.35
Keep a low profile if you want to get your way	.39
Manipulating the situation takes planning	.40
I love it when a tricky plan succeeds	.43

Note: r = correlation between individual item and the sum of the other five items.

Table 3. The Shorter Dark Tetrad: Mean scale scores by sex.

	α	Male		Female		t	p<
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Sadism	.81	18.32	4.89	15.38	5.17	5.50	.001
Narcissism	.81	20.08	4.71	19.54	4.90	1.06	NS
Psychopathy	.79	18.65	4.80	16.74	4.98	3.68	.001
Machiavellianism	.66	20.89	4.18	21.13	3.92	.55	NS

Table 4. Correlation matrix.

	Sadism	Psych	Narci
Machiavellianism	.07	.08	.35***
Narcissism	.26***	.34***
Psychopathy	.57***

Note: ***p < .001.