From childhood to young adulthood: the importance of self-esteem during childhood for occupational achievements among young men and women

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics, mean/percent, (sd) in brackets.

	All:478	Boys n:235 (49.2)	Girls n:243 (50.8)	Gender diff. p-value
Both parents high prestige	22.4	23.0	21.8	0.759
Father high prestige	15.9	16.2	15.6	0.874
Mother high prestige	13.4	14.4	12.3	0.508
Both parents low prestige	48.3	48.5	48.1	0.937
Age	23.7 (2.6)	23.7 (2.6)	23.6 (2.6)	0.442
Like appearance (physical appearance)	43.7	49.4	38.3	0.015
Like myself	46.4	49.8	43.2	0.149
Confidence in math (I think I am good at math)	30.3	31.9	28.8	0.460
High grade in math	15.3	15.3	22.2	0.054
In adulthood (LNU 2010)
Prestige	44.7 (15.6)	45.5 (15.6)	43.9 (15.6)	0.113

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.

Table 2. Correlations n: 478.

	Prestige	Father high prestige	Mother high prestige	Both parents low prestige	Both parents high prestige	Like myself	Confidence in math	High grade in math	Like appearance	Age
Prestige	1.00
Father high prestige	0.02	1.00
Mother high prestige	0.07	−0.17	1.00
Both parents low prestige	−0.21	−0.42	−0.38	1.00
Both parents high prestige	0.17	−0.23	−0.21	−0.52	1.00
Like myself	0.02	0.00	−0.01	0.01	0.00	1.00
Confidence in math	0.13	0.01	0.03	−0.06	0.03	0.12	1.00
High grade in math	0.29	0.07	0.05	−0.18	0.11	0.01	0.36	1.00
Like appearance	−0.06	0.02	−0.04	0.07	−0.07	0.48	0.11	0.00	1.00
Age	0.09	−0.06	−0.02	0.01	0.06	−0.25	−0.13	−0.05	−0.34	1

Table 3. Coefficients from OLS regression models predicting occupational prestige.

Model^a	1		2		3		4		5
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men
Both parents high prestige	7.17**	9.36***	7.34**	9.28***	5.95*	7.46**	6.13*	9.41***	5.20*	7.56*
	(−2.49)	(2.57)	(−2.41)	(2.61)	(−2.41)	(2.55)	(2.43)	(2.75)	(2.37)	(2.71)
Father high prestige	2.78	5.59*	2.04	5.59*	0.30	4.92	2.29	5.57	−0.05	5.00
	(−2.92)	(3.29)	(−2.75)	(2.85)	(2.62)	(2.70)	(2.90)	(2.85)	(2.98)	(2.65)
Mother high prestige	6.96*	5.52	6.91*	5.44	6.13*	3.79	5.92*	5.50	5.34	3.87
	(−3.01)	(3.29)	(−3.05)	(3.34)	(3.09)	(3.36)	(2.92)	(3.34)	(2.98)	(3.48)
Confidence in math			8.90***	0.62	6.25**	−3.36	–	–	5.90*	−3.41
			(−2.25)	(2.19)	(2.34)	(2.36)	–	–	(2.32)	(2.10)
High grade in math					8.95***	13.58***	–	–	8.73***	13.65*
					(2.61)	(2.65)	–	–	(2.58)	(2.57)
Like myself							5.48*	−0.45	3.40	0.54
							(2.22)	(2.49)	(2.32)	(2.36)
Like appearance							−4.24	1.35	−3.76	0.94
							(2.41)	(2.52)	(2.29)	(2.37)
Constant	42.02***	42.56***	40.47***	42.42***	40.30***	41.60***	42.04***	42.34***	40.80***	41.12***
	(2.05)	(1.95)	(2.04)	(2.02)	(2.04)	(1.90)	(2.18)	(2.09)	(2.21)	(1.98)
R-squared	0.08	0.06	0.14	0.06	0.19	0.14	0.10	0.06	0.20	0.14
N	243	235	243	235	243	235	243	235	243	235

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.

Robust standard errors (clustered at the household level) are used, displayed in brackets.

^aAll models control for age.

Table A1. Coefficients from OLS regression models predicting occupational prestige.

Model^a	1		2		3		4		5
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men
Mother prestige (13–78)	0.15	0.20**	0.16	0.20**	0.17*	0.16*	0.13	0.20**	0.15	0.16*
	(0.09)	(0.07)	(0.08)	(0.07)	(0.08)	(0.08)	(0.08)	(0.07)	(0.08)	(0.08)
Father prestige (13–78)	0.14	0.24**	0.12	0.24***	0.05	0.21**	0.14	0.25	0.06	0.21**
	(0.09)	(0.08)	(0.08)	(0.08)	(0.09)	(0.07)	(0.09)	(0.08)	(0.09)	(0.07)
Confidence in math (1–5)			3.91***	0.40	2.68**	−1.35	–	–	2.79**	−1.49
			(0.91)	(1.10)	(0.95)	(1.12)	–	–	(0.98)	(1.13)
High grade in math					9.00***	11.99***	–	–	8.81***	11.86***
					(2.68)	(2.56)	–	–	(2.66)	(2.55)
Like myself (1–4)							2.68	−1.63	1.18	1.22
							(1.77)	(2.06)	(1.77)	(2.02)
Like appearance (1–4)							−2.33	2.26	−2.15	1.92
							(1.72)	(1.78)	(1.65)	(1.74)
Constant	32.25***	26.58***	19.13***	25.17***	24.91***	32.85***	32.12***	24.75***	27.82***	31.25***
	(4.24)	(4.60)	(4.82)	(2.02)	(5.03)	(5.85)	(5.77)	(6.57)	(5.86)	(7.70)
R-squared	0.08	0.11	0.14	0.06	0.18	0.17	0.09	0.11	0.19	0.18
N	243	235	243	235	243	235	243	235	243	235

***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.

Robust standard errors (clustered at the household level) are used, displayed in brackets.

^aAll models control for age.