Frailty and the aging male

Figures & data

Table I. Objective definition of frailty^* as proposed by Fried et al. [1]

	Parameter	Frailty Indicator
1.	Weight loss	>10 lbs weight loss in one year
2.	Grip strength	Lowest 20% of population
3.	Exhaustion	Self report
4.	Walking speed	Lowest 20% of population
5.	Low activity	Males < 383 Kcals/week
		Females < 270 Kcals/week

^*Frailty is defined as having three or more of the above criteria.

Figure 1. Factors involved in the pathophysiology of frailty.

Figure 2. Diabetics show increased problems doing daily quality of life functions.

Figure 3. Intracellular effects of IGF-1 on muscle growth.

Table II.  Effects of testosterone on muscle

• Testosterone increases muscle size and type I and type II fibers

• Testosterone enhances muscle synthesis

• Testosterone increases satellite cell precursors and inhibits adipocyte precursors

• Old and young muscles respond similarly to testosterone

Fried L P, Tangen C M, Walston J, Newman A B, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, Seeman T, Tracy R, Kop W J, Burke G, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol Med Sci 2001; 56A: M146–M156

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