Impact of metabolic syndrome and its components on kidney stone in aging Taiwanese males

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of subjects (N = 694).

	N (%)	Mean (SD)	Range
Age, years		55.6 (4.6)	43–83
Education status
At least some college	404 (58.2)
Secondary/high school	269 (38.8)
Primary school or less	21 (3.0)
BMI, kg/m^2		25.6 (5.9)	18.4–37.4
Testosterone, ng/ml		3.9 (1.0)	1.1–7.7
WC, cm		86.2 (7.1)	66–111
FBG, mg/dl		99.3 (22.2)	68–219
TG, mg/dl		134.4 (94.2)	31–690
HDL, mg/dl		47.4 (11.8)	25.7–93.1

BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; FBG, fasting blood glucose; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2. Results of univariate analysis of the association between variables and MtS.

	Subjects without MtS, N = 425	Subjects with MtS, N = 269	p Values
Smoking			<0.01
Yes, n (%)	42 (9.8)	48 (17.8)
No, n (%)	383 (90.2)	221 (82.2)
Drinking, %			0.01
Yes, n (%)	54 (12.7)	53 (19.7)
No, n (%)	371 (87.3)	216 (80.3)
Betel nut			0.16
Yes, n (%)	9 (2.1)	11 (4.0)
No, n (%)	416 (97.9)	258 (96.0)
CVD			<0.01
Yes, n (%)	16 (3.7)	32 (11.9)
No, n (%)	409 (96.3)	237 (88.1)
CVA			0.19
Yes, n (%)	4 (1.0)	6 (2.2)
No, n (%)	421 (99.0)	263 (97.8)
Kidney stone			<0.01
Yes, n (%)	39 (9.1)	46 (17.1)
No, n (%)	286 (90.9)	223 (82.9)
Mean (SD)
Age, years	55.1 (3.6)	56.6 (5.8)	<0.01
BMI, kg/m^2	24.3 (2.3)	27.6 (8.7)	<0.01
Testosterone, ng/ml	3.93 (0.9)	3.76 (1.0)	0.03

MtS, metabolic syndrome; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3. Results of univariate analysis of the association between variables and kidney stone.

	Subjects without kidney stone, N = 609	Subjects with kidney stone, N = 85	p Values
Smoking			0.11
Yes, n (%)	74 (12.3)	16 (18.8)
No, n (%)	535 (87.7)	69 (81.2)
Drinking			0.87
Yes, n (%)	95 (15.5)	12 (14.1)
No, n (%)	514 (84.5)	73 (85.9)
Betel nut			<0.01
Yes, n (%)	9 (1.4)	11 (12.9)
No, n (%)	600 (98.6)	74 (87.1)
CVD			0.03
Yes, n (%)	37 (6.0)	11 (12.9)
No, n (%)	572 (94.0)	74 (87.1)
CVA			0.11
Yes, n (%)	7 (1.1)	3 (3.5)
No, n (%)	602 (98.9)	82 (96.5)
MtS			<0.01
Yes, n (%)	223 (36.6)	46 (54.1)
No, n (%)	386 (63.4)	39 (45.9)
DM			0.05
Yes, n (%)	58 (9.5)	14 (16.4)
No, n (%)	551 (90.5)	71 (83.6)
Hypertension			<0.01
Yes, n (%)	167 (27.4)	37 (43.5)
No, n (%)	442 (72.6)	48 (56.5)
Hyperlipidemia			<0.01
Yes, n (%)	104 (18.7)	32 (37.6)
No, n (%)	505 (81.3)	53 (62.4)
Mean (SD)
Age, years	55.5 (4.4)	56.6 (6.0)	0.05
BMI, kg/m^2	25.5 (6.2)	25.9 (2.8)	0.55
Testosterone, ng/ml	3.87 (1.0)	3.80 (0.9)	0.51

MtS, metabolic syndrome; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CVA, cerebral vascular accident; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4. The prevalence of kidney stone regarding to MtS and the number of MtS components.

	MtS			MtS components No
	No	Yes	p	0–2	3	4	5	p
N	425	269		425	154	92	23
Kidney stone, %	9.1	17.1	<0.01	9.1	14.2	18.4	30.4	<0.01
Yes, n (%)*	39 (45.9)	46 (54.1)		39 (45.9)	22 (25.9)	17 (20.0)	7 (8.2)
No, n (%)†	230 (37.8)	379 (62.2)		386 (63.4)	132 (21.7)	75 (12.3)	16 (2.6)

*Eighty-five subjects with kidney stone (100%); †609 subjects without kidney stone (100%).

Table 5. Mutivariate logistic regression analysis of MtS components for kidney stone.

MtS components	Beta coefficient	p* Value	OR (95% CI)
Abnormal BP	0.33	<0.01	2.81 (1.46–5.40)
Abnormal TG	0.24	0.08	1.53 (0.94–2.50)
Abnormal HDL	0.24	0.17	1.39 (0.85–2.25)
Abnormal WC	0.26	0.95	1.01 (0.60–1.70)
Abnormal FBG	0.26	0.98	1.00 (0.60–1.66)

MtS, metabolic syndrome; BP, blood pressure; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; WC, waist circumference; FBG, fasting blood glucose; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

* p value was calculated by adjusting age and testosterone.