Testosterone level in aging male with different glucose tolerance state and its association with osteocalcin

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the study population by glucose tolerance status.

	NGT	IGR	Diabetes	p Value
N	545	495	136
Age (years), mean (SD)	73.58 (9.21)	77.20 (9.12)	77.61 (8.38)	.000
BMI (kg/m^2), mean (SD)	24.37 (2.80)	24.61 (2.84)	25.12 (3.17)	.072
Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD)	89.82 (8.23)	90.97 (8.14)	93.70 (7.95)	.000
SBP (mmHg), mean (SD)	126.39 (15.57)	129.70 (15.92)	131.08 (15.68)	.011
DBP (mmHg), mean (SD)	72.93 (9.40)	71.85 (9.22)	72.01 (9.61)	.353
TG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	1.33 (0.65)	1.45 (0.81)	1.51 (0.69)	.006
TC (mmol/L), mean (SD)	4.68 (0.88)	4.60 (0.96)	4.63 (1.03)	.453
LDL-c (mmol/L), mean (SD)	2.98 (0.79)	2.88 (0.82)	2.96 (0.92)	.138
HDL-c (mmol/L), mean (SD)	1.32 (0.33)	1.32 (0.36)	1.27 (0.35)	.347
FPG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	5.20 (0.38)	5.50 (0.52)	6.49 (1.63)	.000
2hPBG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	6.61 (0.77)	9.00 (1.03)	12.59 (2.38)	.000
Ca (mmol/L), mean (SD)	2.35 (0.08)	2.36 (0.09)	2.37 (0.09)	.019
P (mmol/L), mean (SD)	1.07 (0.15)	1.08 (0.14)	1.09 (0.14)	.637
ALP (U/L), mean (SD)	61.45 (16.03)	62.89 (16.22)	63.63 (17.86)	.221
PTH (pg/ml), mean (SD)	41.71 (13.91)	42.10 (16.38)	39.98 (16.57)	.358
25(OH)D (ng/ml), mean (SD)	22.95 (9.45)	22.37 (9.79)	21.80 (8.95)	.378
Osteocalcin	16.27 (5.62)	15.80 (6.30)	14.59 (6.10)	.013
PINP	34.95 (13.02)	36.16 (25.05)	34.70 (18.97)	.546
CTX	0.29 (0.16)	0.29 (0.18)	0.25 (0.16)	.047
E2	91.02 (47.21)	92.74 (59.05)	90.07 (37.78)	.806
TT	5.18 (2.04)	4.72 (2.17)	4.21 (2.05)	.000
FSH	17.54 (19.87)	19.91 (19.16)	21.85 (22.34)	.034
LH	9.63 (7.70)	11.13 (8.64)	11.00 (8.83)	.009
SHBG	51.88 (20.42)	54.57 (24.20)	49.24 (23.12)	.025

ALP: alkaline phosphatase; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure.

Table 2. Characteristics of the study population by TT quartiles.

	Total testosterone quartiles				p Value
	<3.55	3.55–4.74	4.74–6.03	>6.03
N	295	296	293	292
Age (years), mean (SD)	77.22 (9.46)	74.33 (0.09)	74.19 (8.86)	76.55 (9.28)	.000
BMI (kg/m^2), mean (SD)	25.71 (2.88)	24.77 (2.44)	24.61 (2.56)	22.90 (2.93)	.000
Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD)	94.68 (8.24)	91.56 (6.97)	90.61 (7.16)	86.35 (8.29)	.000
SBP (mmHg), mean (SD)	131.55 (14.58)	128.78 (15.53)	126.52 (17.25)	125.57 (15.21)	.003
DBP (mmHg), mean (SD)	72.14 (8.86)	73.54 (9.73)	73.82 (9.39)	69.14 (8.62)	.000
TG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	1.65 (0.82)	1.42 (0.61)	1.40 (0.85)	1.14 (0.50)	.000
TC (mmol/L), mean (SD)	4.55 (0.98)	4.62 (0.92)	4.67 (0.87)	4.73 (0.94)	.109
LDL-c (mmol/L), mean (SD)	2.86 (0.81)	2.98 (0.82)	2.97 (0.81)	2.95 (0.84)	.259
HDL-c (mmol/L), mean (SD)	1.21 (0.31)	1.25 (0.28)	1.32 (0.32)	1.47 (0.39)	.000
FPG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	5.65 (1.14)	5.50 (0.66)	5.44 (0.69)	5.32 (0.56)	.000
2hPBG (mmol/L), mean (SD)	8.93 (2.49)	8.27 (2.24)	8.10 (2.08)	7.91 (2.01)	.000
Ca (mmol/L), mean (SD)	2.36 (0.09)	2.35 (0.98)	2.35 (0.08)	2.35 (0.09)	.088
P (mmol/L), mean (SD)	1.08 (0.15)	1.08 (0.14)	1.07 (0.14)	1.08 (0.13)	.105
ALP (U/L), mean (SD)	62.81 (17.24)	61.26 (14.68)	62.32 (15.43)	62.84 (17.85)	.615
PTH (pg/ml), mean (SD)	40.92 (16.36)	42.18 (15.51)	41.47 (14.72)	42.13 (14.60)	.717
25(OH)D (ng/ml), mean (SD)	21.84 (9.68)	22.00 (8.81)	22.73 (9.52)	23.73 (10.05)	.016
Osteocalcin	15.16 (7.46)	15.52 (5.22)	15.57 (5.66)	16.27 (5.33)	.027
PINP	39.16 (31.40)	34.52 (13.05)	33.68 (13.27)	34.35 (13.61)	.002
CTX	0.30 (0.20)	0.28 (0.15)	0.28 (0.16)	0.29 (0.16)	.288
E2	74.09 (48.67)	86.03 (49.96)	96.50 (41.78)	110.16 (58.02)	.000
TT	2.38 (0.98)	4.12 (0.33)	5.36 (0.38)	7.67 (1.41)	.000
FSH	25.18 (27.12)	18.90 (20.09)	15.95 (14.52)	16.08 (13.47)	.000
LH	12.03 (11.47)	9.65 (6.82)	9.63 (6.72)	10.36 (6.84)	.000
SHBG	41.22 (21.20)	45.38 (14.68)	53.99 (17.35)	70.43 (23.56)	.000

ALP: alkaline phosphatase; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure.

Table 3. Spearman’s correlation coefficients among the studied variables.

	Osteocalcin	p Value	TT	p Value	SHBG	p Value
Osteocalcin			0.08	.051	0.104	.000
BMI	−0.178	.000	−0.306	.000	−0.309	.000
Waist	−0.119	.001	−0.352	.000	−0.119	.001
SBP	−0.038	.324	−0.145	.000	−0.049	.209
DBP	0.056	.149	−0.082	.036	−0.163	.000
FPG	−0.136	.000	−0.167	.000	−0.115	.000
2hPBG	−0.144	.000	−0.181	.005	−0.034	.242
TC	0.170	.134	0.081	.105	0.105	.225
TG	−0.062	.032	−0.289	.000	−0.310	.000
LDL-c	0.129	.232	0.027	.348	0.023	.432
HDL-c	0.137	.000	0.275	.000	0.356	.000

DBP: diastolic blood pressure; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; HDL-c: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-c: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP: systolic blood pressure.

Table 4. Linear regression results on the association between the variables studied and serum osteocalcin.

Overall variables	Model 1 β-coefficient	p Value	Model 2 β-coefficient	p Value
BMI	−0.102	.000	−0.113	.000
waist	−0.193	.000	−0.233	.000
FPG	−0.014	.000	−0.019	.000
2hPBG	−0.04	.000	−0.047	.000
SBP	0.024	.809	−0.048	.647
DBP	0.046	.409	−0.022	.715
TC	0.021	.211	0.02	.163
TG	−0.007	.053	−0.009	.023
HDL-c	0.010	.000	0.011	.000
LDL-c	0.012	.102	0.011	.208

Model 1 is adjusted for age. Model 2 is adjusted for age, ALP, Ca, P, VitD, and PTH.

Table 5. Linear regression results on the association between the variables studied and serum testosterone.

Overall variables	Model 1 β-coefficient	p Value	Model 2 β-coefficient	p Value
BMI	−0.466	.000	−0.328	.000
waist	−1.496	.000	−0.987	.000
FPG	−0.058	.000	−0.039	.003
2hPBG	−0.163	.000	−0.147	.000
SBP	−1.084	.000	−0.778	.028
DBP	−0.522	.003	−0.437	.032
TC	0.027	.237	−0.017	.265
TG	−0.084	.000	−0.064	.000
HDL-c	0.049	.000	0.018	.001
LDL-c	0.004	.744	−0.015	.268

Model 1 is adjusted for age. Model 2 is adjusted for age and SHBG.