Prevalence of andropause among Iranian men and its relationship with quality of life

Figures & data

Table 1. Mean (SD) of participants quality of life in eight aspects and their andropause status.

Variables	Subscales	Result
Subscales of quality of life (mean ± SD)	Physical function (PF)	67.36 ± 36.58
	Role physical (RP)	58.84 ± 33.62
	Bodily pain (BP)	68.51 ± 32.72
	General health (GH)	36.93 ± 25.36
	Vitality	59.41 ± 26.43
	Social function (SF)	70.48 ± 32.68
	Role emotional (RE)	79.38 ± 27.39
	Mental health (MH)	71.62 ± 23.58
	Total physical HRQoL	57.91 ± 24.80
	Total mental HRQoL	70.22 ± 21.37
Andropes types N (%)	Don't need testosterone	61 (15.5)
	May benefit from testosterone	303 (71.1)
	Certainly benefit from testosterone	29 (7.4)

Table 2. Mean (SD) of MASSQ scores according to demographic characteristics of participants.

Variable	Category	Andropause score	p value
Level of education	≤12 years	61.23 ± 17.88	<.001
	>12 years	49.09 ± 13.53
Live with spouse	Yes	57.43 ± 17.61	.785
	No	59.60 ± 13.75
Spouse menopause	Yes	61.03 ± 17.42	<.001
	No	52.57 ± 16.58
Income	Income < expense	59.25 ± 17.14	.001
	Income ≥ expense	52.47 ± 17.81
Job	Non-governmental	55.74 ± 16.98	<.001
	Governmental	48.90 ± 18.36
	Retired	55.54 ± 15.34
	Unemployment	70.66 ± 16.45
Number of children	≤2	51.14 ± 18.24	<.001
	3–6	56.31 ± 17.00
	≥7	64.05 ± 16.52
Age groups	40–49	49.06 ± 18.47	<.001
	50–59	55.06 ± 16.42
	60–69	59.56 ± 16.69
	70–79	61.94 ± 14.94
	80–85	73.71 ± 17.34

Table 3. Participants’ scores of HRQoL subscales according to their andropause status.

	Andropause
	Physical function	Role physical	Bodily pain	General health	Vitality	Social function	Role emotional	Mental health
QOL
Don't need testosterone	87.29 ± 24.41	82.37 ± 25.91	85.65 ± 29.74	59.18 ± 17.42	83.19 ± 18.66	95.90 ± 15.26	97.13 ± 9.51	90.16 ± 13.90
May benefit from testosterone	66.00 ± 36.55	57.26 ± 32.69	67.49 ± 31.50	34.91 ± 23.82	57.26 ± 24.09	68.39 ± 32.19	79.62 ± 25.51	70.99 ± 21.60
Certainly benefit from testosterone	39.65 ± 36.91	25.86 ± 22.39	43.10 ± 32.66	11.20 ± 20.68	31.89 ± 26.63	38.79 ± 28.01	39.65 ± 29.13	39.22 ± 22.34
p value	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001	<.001

Table 4. Relationship between participants andropause status with some health-related problems.

	MASSQ range
	Don't need testosterone (%)	May benefit from testosterone (%)	Certainly benefit from testosterone (%)	p value
Diabetes
Yes	6 (12.5)	37 (77.1)	5 (10.4)	.605
No	55 (15.9)	266 (77.1)	24 (7.0)
Depression
Yes	0 (0.0)	60 (75.9)	19 (24.1	<.001
No	61 (19.4)	243 (77.4)	10 (3.2)
Coronary disease
Yes	17 (12.0)	109 (76.8)	16 (11.3)	.042
No	44 (17.5)	194 (77.3)	13 (5.2)
Blood pressure
Yes	14 (11.1)	99 (78.6)	13 (10.3)	.103
No	47 (17.6)	204 (76.4)	16 (6.0)
Overweight
Yes	35 (14.0)	195 (78.0)	20 (8.0)	.483
No	26 (18.2.0)	108 (75.5)	9 (6.3)
Smoking
Yes	7 (14.3)	40 (81.6)	2 (4.1)	.598
No	54 (15.7)	263 (76.5)	27 (7.8)
Urinary incontinence
Yes	0 (0)	7 (50.0)	7 (50.0)	<.001
No	61 (16.1)	296 (78.1)	22 (5.8)

Table 5. Predictors of andropause scores among Iranian men.

Variables	Unstandardized coefficient	SE	p value	Confidence interval 95%	Standardized coefficient
Age	0.414	0.076	<.001	0.266–0.563	0.248
Education	−6.981	1.711	<.001	−10.346 to −3.616	−0.184
Depression	14.716	1.856	<.001	11.049–18.383	0.336
Urinary incontinence	15.222	4.031	<.001	7.296–23.147	0.161
Coronary heart disease	3.827	1.557	.014	0.766–6.888	0.105

Dependent variables: total score of MASSQ.