Glimpses into the molecular pathogenesis of Peyronie’s disease

Figures & data

Table 1. Primary antibodies used for immunohistochemical staining.

Protein	Manufacturer	Cat. no.	Dilution
α-SMA	Dako	M0851	1:50
β-catenin	BD Biosciences	610153	1:100
Collagen type I	Abcam	ab6308	1:5000
Collagen type III	Abcam	ab6310	1:5000
WISP1	Abcam	ab10737	1:50
Wnt2	R&D Systems	AF3464	1:50
Wnt4	Sigma-Aldrich	HPA011397	1:50
Wnt5a	Abcam	ab72583	1:100
Wnt7b	Sigma	SAB2104506	1:200
YAP1	GeneTex	GTX129151	1:100

Table 2. Relative gene expression to ACTB (β-actin), both in healthy tunica albuginea (control) and affected plaque.

Category	Gene symbol	N	Mean plaque	Mean control	Fold change plaque/control	p Value
Collagens	COL1A1	7	0.5984	2.5477	0.235	.0313
	COL1A2	7	0.6007	2.3743	0.253	.0156
	COL3A1	7	0.3012	0.5410	0.557	n.s.
	COL4A1	7	0.1098	0.1243	0.883	n.s.
	COL5A1	7	0.0193	0.0426	0.454	n.s.
	COL6A1	7	0.5056	0.9369	0.540	n.s.
Other extracellular matrix proteins	FN1	7	0.3425	0.8087	0.424	.0469
	ELN	7	0.0261	0.0296	0.881	n.s.
	DCN	7	0.0134	0.0555	0.242	n.s.
	BGN	7	0.0902	0.1327	0.680	n.s.
	FMOD	7	0.0504	0.1967	0.256	n.s.
Lysyl hydroxylases	PLOD1	7	0.0035	0.0039	0.908	n.s.
	PLOD2	5	0.0016	0.0040	0.409	n.s.
	PLOD3	7	0.0037	0.0014	2.653	.0156
Prolyl hydroxylases	P4HA1	7	0.0019	0.0057	0.331	n.s.
	P4HA2	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	P4HA3	7	0.0023	0.0178	0.129	.0313
	P4HB	7	0.0500	0.1060	0.472	n.s.
	LEPRE1	6	0.0039	0.0066	0.587	n.s.
	LEPREL1	5	0.0082	0.0109	0.755	n.s.
	LEPREL2	7	0.0073	0.0168	0.434	n.s.
Lysyl oxidases	LOX	5	0.0035	0.0039	0.891	n.s.
	LOXL1	7	0.0186	0.0357	0.521	n.s.
	LOXL2	4	0.0216	0.0298	0.726	n.s.
	LOXL3	5	0.0045	0.0030	1.517	n.s.
	LOXL4	5	0.0093	0.0139	0.673	n.s.
Procollagen propeptidases and enhancers	ADAMTS2	6	0.0252	0.0550	0.459	n.s.
	ADAMTS3	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	ADAMTS14	1	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	BMP1	7	0.0108	0.0203	0.535	n.s.
	PCOLCE1	7	0.0505	0.1152	0.438	n.s.
	PCOLCE2	7	0.0480	0.2391	0.201	n.s.
Collagen folding, glycosylation	SERPINH1	7	0.0192	0.0492	0.390	n.s.
	COLGALT1	3	0.0002	0.0001	4.829	n.s.
Collagen receptors	DDR1	7	0.0119	0.0193	0.618	n.s.
	DDR2	6	0.0122	0.0280	0.436	n.s.
	MRC2	6	0.0209	0.0698	0.299	n.s.
Collagen degradation	MMP1	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	MMP13	0	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	MMP14	7	0.1386	0.2620	0.529	n.s.
	TIMP1	7	0.4191	1.3028	0.322	n.s.
	CTSK	7	0.0182	0.1462	0.125	.0313
Others	FKBP10	7	0.0075	0.0123	0.612	n.s.
	SLC39A13	7	0.0085	0.0175	0.485	n.s.

N: number of patients included in the analysis per gene. p values as determined by the Wilcoxon paired rank test. N/A: not applicable; n.s.: not significant.

Figure 1. Relative gene expression to ACTB (β-actin), and representative pictures with quantification of immunohistochemical staining, both in tunica albuginea (control) and plaque. (A) COL1A1 gene and corresponding protein collagen type I. (B) COL3A1 gene and corresponding protein collagen type III. (C) ACTA2 gene and corresponding protein α-SMA. *p < .05 as determined by the Wilcoxon paired rank test. HPF: high-power field.

Figure 2. Representative pictures and quantification of immunohistochemical staining, both in tunica albuginea (control) and plaque. The following proteins were tested: Wnt2; Wnt4; Wnt5a; Wnt7b; β-catenin; WISP1; YAP1. *p < .05, **p < .01 as determined by the Wilcoxon paired rank test. HPF: high-power field.

Figure 3. Relative gene expression to ACTB (β-actin), both in tunica albuginea (control) and affected plaque from seven patients with PD. The following genes are shown: COL1A2; FN1; PLOD3; P4HA3; CTSK) *p < .05 as determined by the Wilcoxon paired rank test.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, EJtD, upon reasonable request.