How reliable are imaging techniques in aging males with bladder cancer?

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients.

	n (%)
Age (year)
Min–Max (median)	48–86 (66)
Mean ± SD	65.48 ± 7.82
Tumor size (cm)
Min–Max (median)	0–15 (4)
Mean ± SD	3.87 ± 2.76
Grade
Low grade	12 (8.9)
High grade	123 (91.1)
pT stage
T 0	3 (2.2)
T a	5 (3.7)
T 1	17 (12.6)
T 2a	17 (12.6)
T 2b	16 (11.9)
T 3a	27 (20.0)
T 3b	27 (20.0)
T 4	23 (17.0)
pN stage
N0	98 (72.6)
N1	12 (8.9)
N2	19 (14.1)
N3	6 (4.4)
Histological type
Urothelial ca	129 (95.6)
Sarcomatoid ca	3 (2.2)
Squamous ca	2 (1.5)
Adenocarcinoma	1 (0.7)
Metastasis	3 (2.2)
CIS	47 (34.8)
Surgical margin (+)	17 (12.6)
Perineural invasion	80 (59.3)
Lymphovascular invasion	46 (34.1)
Imaging technique
CT	119 (88.1)
MRI	16 (11.9)

pT: pathological tumor, pN: pathological node, CIS: carcinoma in situ, CT: computed tomography, MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 2. Lymph node characteristics.

	n (%)
Pathological lymph node
Negative	98 (72.6)
Positive	37 (27.4)
No. of pathological lymph nodes (n = 37)
Min–Max (median)	1–15 (2)
Mean ± SD	3.81 ± 3.70
Pathological lymph node size (n = 37)
Min–Max (median)	1–30 (15)
Mean ± SD	15.32 ± 5.78
Clinical lymph node
Negative	120 (88.9)
Positive	15 (11.1)
No. of clinical lymph node (n = 15)
Min–Max (median)	1–7 (2)
Mean ± SD	2.66 ± 1.91
Clinical lymph node size (n = 15)
Min–Max (median)	8–30 (10)
Mean ± SD	11.40 ± 5.47

Table 3: Comparison of pathological lymph nodes and clinical lymph nodes in CT group.

CT group (n = 119)	Pathological lymph node			^ap Value
	Negative	Positive	Total
Clinical lymph node
Negative	84 (70.6)	23 (19.3)	107 (89.9)	0.001**
Positive	4 (3.4)	8 (6.7)	12 (10.1)
Total	88 (73.9)	31 (26.1)	119 (100)
Sensitivity	25.81
Specificity	95.45
PPV.	66.67
NPV.	78.50
Accuracy	77.31

^a McNemartest **p < 0.01.

CT: computed tomography; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value.

Table 4. Comparison of pathological lymph nodes and clinical lymph nodes in MRI group.

MRI group (n = 16)	Pathological lymph node			^ap Value
	Negative	Positive	Total
Clinical lymph node
Negative	10 (62.5)	3 (18.8)	13 (81.3)	0.250
Positive	0 (0)	3 (18.8)	3 (18.8)
Total	10 (62.5)	6 (37.5)	16 (100)
Sensitivity	50.00
Specificity	100.00
PPV	100.00
NPV	76.92
Accuracy	81.25

^a McNemar test.

MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value.

Table 5. Pathological lymph node and clinical lymph node evaluation according to pT stage.

	n	Pathological lymph node (+)	Clinical lymph node (+)
pTstage
T 0	3	0 (0)	0 (0)
T a	5	0 (0)	0 (0)
T 1	17	0 (0)	1 (5.9)
T 2a	17	3 (17.6)	0 (0)
T 2b	16	3 (18.8)	1 (6.3)
T 3a	27	7 (25.9)	3 (11.1)
T 3b	27	14 (51.9)	5 (18.5)
T 4	23	10 (47.6)	5 (23.8)
^ap Value		0.001**	0.437

^a Fisher–Freeman–Haltontest **p < 0.01.

pT: pathological tumor.