Testosterone therapy over 60 months improves aging male symptoms scores in all men with adult-onset testosterone deficiency

Figures & data

Table 1. AMSS and ΔAMSS values in men on/not on TU at 6-monthly follow-up intervals.

Men not on TU						Men on TU
ΔAMSS + ve/0/−ve (%)	p (Sign-rank)	p (Sign-rank)	ΔAMSS (IQR)	Median AMSS (IQR), n	Follow-up	Median AMSS (IQR), n	ΔAMSS (IQR)	p (Sign-rank)	p (Sign-rank)	ΔAMSS + ve/−ve (%)
(cf. baseline)	(cf. previous value)	(cf. baseline)	(cf. baseline)	42 (38, 44), n = 384	Baseline	51 (45, 62), n = 353	(cf. baseline)	(cf. baseline)	(cf. previous value)	(cf. baseline)
56.9/20.2/22.9	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	1 (0, 2)	43 (40, 44), n = 297	6 months	29 (24, 33), n = 346	−20 (−31, −14)	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	0/0.3/99.7
69.9/19.4/10.7	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	2 (0, 4)	43 (41, 45), n = 382	12 months	21 (19, 23), n = 346	−29 (−39, −23)	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	0/0.3/99.7
67.7/16.3/16.0	p = 0.0004	p < 0.0001	1 (0, 3)	43 (41, 45), n = 294	18 months	19 (18, 20), n = 345	−32 (−41, −25)	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	0.3/0.6/99.1
77.4/15.3/7.4	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	3 (1, 7)	44 (42, 47), n = 380	24 months	18 (17, 19), n = 336	−32 (−43, −26)	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	0.3/0.3/99.4
77.6/10.2/12.2	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	2 (1, 5)	44 (43, 46), n = 294	30 months	18 (17, 18), n = 326	−32 (−44, −26)	p < 0.0001	p = 0.0025	0.6/0.6/98.8
83.0/8.5/8.5	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	4 (2, 10)	45 (44, 48), n = 377	36 months	17 (17, 18), n = 319	−33 (−44, −26)	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	0.6/0.3/99.1
81.8/8.1/10.2	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	3 (1, 5)	45 (44, 46), n = 285	42 months	17 (17, 18), n = 305	−33 (−43, −27)	p < 0.0001	p = 0.0046	0.3/0/99.7
87.4/5.7/6.8	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	4 (2, 14)	46 (44, 49), n = 366	48 months	17 (17, 18), n = 293	−33 (−44, −26)	p < 0.0001	p = 0.68	0/0/100
87.3/6.4/6.4	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	5 (3, 17)	47 (45, 51), n = 361	60 months	17 (17, 18), n = 260	−34 (−45.5, −29)	p < 0.0001	p = 0.78	0/0/100

ΔAMSS + ve/0/−ve (%): Percentage of men demonstrating increased (+ve), no change (0), and decreased (−ve) AMSS values compared to baseline AMSS (at initial assessment prior to TTh being offered).

Figure 1. Graphical illustration of the association (based on Table 2 – Model 1) between ΔAMSS after 60 months and baseline AMSS values.

Two graphs plotting baseline AMSS versus change in AMSS in men on/not on TU. An inverse relationship was observed in both plots. In the men on TU, the AMSS decreased whilst in the men not on TU there was an increase in the values.

Figure 2. A grid of the number of men in AMSS at baseline and 60 months follow-up, categorized into symptoms-based subgroups. AMSS categories by symptoms associated with low testosterone levels. 17–26: no significant symptoms; 27–36: mild symptoms; 37–49: moderate symptoms; >49: severe symptoms.

The shaded grid areas in the plots indicate the number of men whose AMSS categories did not alter during the follow-up. The numbers in the diagonal shaded areas on the grid depict the men whose AMSS category did not change after 60 months, whilst the numbers southwest and northeast of the shaded diagonal area indicate the men showing improvement and worsening of AMSS categories, respectively.

Table 2. Results from linear/multiple regression models with ΔAMSS after 60 months as the dependent variable and baseline AMSS and other metabolic factors as independent variables – separate models were carried out in men on/not on TU.

		Men not on TU		Men on TU
	Independent variables	c (95% CI), p	R^2	c (95% CI), p	R^2
Model 1	Baseline AMSS	−1.00 (−1.13, −0.87), p < 0.001	0.40	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.98), p < 0.001	0.97
Model 2	Baseline AMSS	−0.96 (−1.09, −0.84), p < 0.001	0.44	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.98), p < 0.001	0.97
	Baseline age (years)	−0.36 (−0.50, −0.22), p < 0.001		0.016 (−0.020, 0.052), p = 0.37
Model 3	Baseline AMSS	−0.91 (−1.03, −0.80), p < 0.001	0.52	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.98), p < 0.001	0.97
	Baseline age (years)	−0.28 (−0.41, −0.15), p < 0.001		0.016 (−0.020, 0.052), p = 0.39
	TT (nmol/L) − 60 months	−2.01 (−2.50, −1.52), p < 0.001		−0.030 (−0.13, 0.070), p = 0.55
Model 4	Baseline AMSS	−0.91 (−1.01, −0.81), p < 0.001	0.64	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.98), p < 0.001	0.97
	Baseline age (years)	−0.17 (−0.28, −0.052), p = 0.004		0.013 (−0.025, 0.051), p = 0.50
	WC (cm) − 60 months	0.35 (0.30, 0.40), p < 0.001		0.0089 (−0.026, 0.044), p = 0.62
Model 5	Baseline AMSS	−0.96 (−1.07, −0.85), p < 0.001	0.54	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.98), p < 0.001	0.99
	Baseline age (years)	−0.28 (−0.41, −0.15), p < 0.001		−0.020 (−0.048, 0.0067), p = 0.14
	HbA1c (%) − 60 months	1.52 (1.17, 1.86), p < 0.001		0.24 (−0.18, 0.50), p = 0.068
Model 6	Baseline AMSS	−0.97 (−1.08, −0.85), p < 0.001	0.50	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.98), p < 0.001	0.97
	Baseline age (years)	−0.32 (−0.45, −0.19), p < 0.001		0.020 (−0.016, 0.057), p = 0.28
	Systolic BP (mm Hg) − 60 months	0.16 (0.11, 0.21), p < 0.001		−0.012 (−0.034, 0.011), p = 0.31
Model 7	Baseline AMSS	−0.96 (−1.07, −0.85), p < 0.001	0.53	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.98), p < 0.001	0.97
	Baseline age (years)	−0.32 (-0.45, −0.19), p < 0.001		0.019 (−0.017, 0.060), p = 0.29
	Diastolic BP (mm Hg) − 60 months	0.27 (0.21, 0.33), p < 0.001		−0.017 (−0.051, 0.016), p = 0.31
Model 8	Baseline AMSS	−0.90 (−0.99, −0.82), p < 0.001	0.68	−1.00 (−1.02, −0.99), p < 0.001	0.99
	Baseline age (years)	−0.15 (−0.26, −0.39), p = 0.008		−0.25 (−0.054, 0.0033), p = 0.082
	TT (nmol/L) − 60 months	−0.98 (−1.42, −0.54), p < 0.001		−0.039 (−0.12, 0.038), p = 0.32
	WC (cm) − 60 months	0.28 (0.22, 0.33), p < 0.001		0.0079 (−0.024, 0.039), p = 0.62
	HbA1c (%) − 60 months	−0.038 (−0.41, 0.33), p = 0.84		0.13 (−0.14, 0.41), p = 0.33
	Systolic BP (mm Hg) − 60 months	−0.042 (−0.12, 0.37), p = 0.29		0.017 (−0.012, 0.047), p = 0.24
	Diastolic BP (mm Hg) − 60 months	0.16 (0.050, 0.27), p = 0.004		−0.0035 (−0.049, 0.042), p = 0.88

Data availability statement

All reasonable requests for data should be directed to corresponding author.