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Culture, Health & Sexuality
An International Journal for Research, Intervention and Care
Volume 11, 2009 - Issue 5
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Short Report

Emerging discourse: Islamic teaching in HIV prevention in Kenya

SHORT REPORT

, &
Pages 559-569 | Received 18 Dec 2007, Accepted 02 Feb 2009, Published online: 12 Jun 2009
 

Abstract

Islamic values portraying sex outside of marriage as sinful are often believed to contribute to HIV transmission as they reject safe-sex practices. Moreover, stigma associated with sinful behaviour is frequently assumed to interfere with access to care for those infected. In contrast, adherence to religious values such as abstinence is viewed as an explanation for the relatively low incidence of HIV infection in Islamic populations. Inspired by this debate, a study was conducted into the possibilities of using Islamic texts as a starting point for health promotion addressing HIV infection and HIV/AIDS-related stigma in Lamu, a Muslim community in Kenya. The study also explored the potential role of Lamu's Islamic leaders in the delivery of that health promotion. In collaboration with Islamic leaders, texts were identified that applied to sexual conduct, health, stigma and the responsibilities of Islamic leaders towards their congregations. In spite of the association of HIV with improper sexual behaviour, Islamic texts offer a starting point for tackling HIV transmission and HIV/AIDS-related stigma. Under particular conditions, the identified Islamic texts may even justify the promotion of safer-sex methods, including condom use.

Les valeurs islamiques décrivent les rapports sexuels en dehors du mariage comme immoraux et sont souvent perçues comme un facteur de transmission du VIH en rejetant les pratiques sexuelles protégées. De plus, la stigmatisation des personnes dont les comportements sont immoraux est souvent considérée comme ayant une influence négative sur l'accès aux soins des personnes infectées. Á l'inverse, l'adhésion aux valeurs religieuses comme l'abstinence est perçue comme une explication de l'incidence relativement faible de l'infection à VIH parmi les populations islamiques. S'inspirant de ce débat, une étude a été menée sur la possibilité d'utiliser les écritures islamiques comme point de départ d'une campagne de promotion de la santé abordant l'infection à VIH et la stigmatisation liée au VIH/sida à Lamu, une communauté musulmane du Kenya. L'étude a aussi exploré le rôle potentiel des chefs religieux musulmans dans cette campagne de promotion de la santé. La collaboration avec eux a permis d'identifier des textes qui abordaient les comportements sexuels, la santé, la stigmatisation et la responsabilité des leaders islamiques vis-à-vis de leurs congrégations. En dépit de l'association du VIH aux comportements sexuels immoraux, les textes islamiques offrent un point de départ pour s'attaquer à la transmission du VIH et à la stigmatisation liée au VIH/sida. Dans certaines conditions, ils pourraient même justifier la promotion de pratiques sexuelles protégées, incluant l'usage du préservatif.

Con frecuencia se cree que los valores islámicos que retratan el sexo fuera del matrimonio como algo pecaminoso contribuyen a la transmisión del virus del sida puesto que rechazan prácticas de sexo seguro. Además, el estigma asociado a una conducta inmoral se supone muchas veces que interfiere con el acceso a la atención sanitaria por parte de las personas infectadas. Por el contrario, se considera que seguir valores religiosos tales como la abstinencia explica la incidencia relativamente baja de infección de VIH en las poblaciones islámicas. En base a este debate, se llevó a cabo un estudio sobre las posibilidades de usar textos islámicos como punto de partida para fomentar la salud en particular con respecto al VIH y el estigma relacionado con personas infectadas con VIH/sida en Lamu, una comunidad musulmana de Kenia. En el estudio también analizamos qué función podrían desempeñar los líderes islámicos de Lamu en el fomento de la salud. En colaboración con líderes islámicos, se identificaron textos sobre la conducta sexual, la salud, el estigma y las responsabilidades de los líderes islámicos hacia sus congregaciones. Aunque el VIH se asocia a una conducta sexual impropia, los textos islámicos ofrecen un punto de partida para tratar el problema del contagio del sida y el estigma en torno al VIH/sida. En condiciones particulares, los textos islámicos identificados podrían incluso justificar el fomento de métodos de relaciones sexuales seguras, incluyendo el uso de preservativos.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Kenya Red Cross Society for its support and also Alana Proctor, David Townend and Noortie Campman at Maastricht University. Our gratitude also goes to Lamu Branch Red Cross volunteers and to the religious leaders who participated in the study.

Notes

1. Sayings and traditions attributed to the prophet of Islam, Muhammad. Single Hadith and plural Hadiths.

3. Shari'ah law informs discussions among Muslims on how to deal with newly emerging issues and involves interpretation of these issues by considering Islamic traditions in a process referred to as Ijtihad which uses the Quran, Hadiths and precedence set by accepted Islamic jurists to determine what behaviour is acceptable in what situations.

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