https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8198-7449
Figures & data
Figure 1. Overview of the meme database of Know Your Meme, 5 August 2022. Source: https://knowyourmeme.com.
Figure 2. Research results for the keyword ‘covid’ on Know Your Meme, 5 August 2022. Source: https://knowyourmeme.com.
Figure 3. Overview of Imgur’s meme generator, 5 August 2022. Source: https://imgur.com.
Figure 4. Example of indexing on TikTok (content using the song Feel no Ways by Drake), 5 August 2022. Source: https://www.tiktok.com.
Figure 5. Example of 4chan thread from the board /pol/, 5 August 2022. Source: https://boards.4chan.org/pol/.
Figure 6. Overview of CrowdTangle search dashboard, 5 August 2022. Source: https://www.crowdtangle.com.
Figure 7. CrowdTangle ‘meme search’ output for query ‘covid’, option ‘text only’, 25 November 2022, showing formats associated with memes (e.g., tweet screenshots, social cards and breaking news). Source: https://www.crowdtangle.com.
