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Articles

Responsibility gap or responsibility shift? The attribution of criminal responsibility in human–machine interaction

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Pages 1142-1162 | Received 05 Dec 2022, Accepted 23 Jun 2023, Published online: 25 Jul 2023

Figures & data

Table 1. Characteristics of the independent variable.

Table 2. Complexity of responsibility attribution: all cases.

Figure 1. Responsibility of the user as compared to other agents (mentions): all cases.

Figure 1. Responsibility of the user as compared to other agents (mentions): all cases.

Table 3. Responsible agents: all cases.

Figure 2. Responsibility of the user (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 2. Responsibility of the user (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 3. Responsibility of the implementer (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 3. Responsibility of the implementer (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 4. Responsibility of the human programmer (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 4. Responsibility of the human programmer (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 5. Responsibility of the software company (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 5. Responsibility of the software company (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 6. Responsibility of the machine (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 6. Responsibility of the machine (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 7. Waiver of attribution of responsibility (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 7. Waiver of attribution of responsibility (in % of overall mentions): separate cases.

Figure 8. Responsible agents (mentions): all cases.

Figure 8. Responsible agents (mentions): all cases.

Figure 9. Corporate and individual responsibility (mentions): all cases.

Figure 9. Corporate and individual responsibility (mentions): all cases.