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Articles

Is discrimination a driving force behind the over-representation of children with an immigrant background in Swedish out-of-home care? A quantitative study from Stockholm City

Driver diskriminering överrepresentationen av barn med invandrarbakgrund i svensk dygnet-runt-vård? En kvantitativ studie från Stockholm stad.

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Pages 629-641 | Published online: 20 Jul 2020
 

ABSTRACT

To research potential discrimination in concluding decisions of child-welfare investigations, i.e. to place children into out-of-home care or let them remain at home while providing services, this study applies logistic regression to a random sample of 132 (n =132) investigations conducted by Stockholm City, Sweden, in 2014. First, the risk of entry into care associated with a set of practice-related factors was estimated. Second, the interactions between the significant factors and having first or second-generation immigrant background from outside of Europe was estimated using interaction terms. All interactions were insignificant: Lone parenting: OR=0.301, 95% CI: 0.052–1.737; Number of reporters: OR:0.405, 95% CI: 0.082–1.964; Social problems in the child: OR=0.788, 95 CI: 0.140–4.706; Neglect: OR=2.210, 95% CI: 0.239–27.327; Number of social problems in the parent(s): OR=2.209, 95% CI: 0.797–8.184; Previous placement: OR=0.236, 95% CI: 0.017–2.950. Discrimination is therefore not indicated by the results. The large over-representation of immigrant children in Swedish out-of-home care is therefore more likely driven by disproportionate exposure to common risk factors for child welfare involvement (cf. Drake et al., 2011. Racial bias in child protection? A comparison of competing explanations using national data. Pediatrics, 127(3), 471–478. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2010-1710). Poor housing conditions, poverty and neighbourhood segregation are of relevance for Stockholm City.

ABSTRAKT

Vad som driver överrepresentationen av barn med invandrarbakgrund i svensk dygnet-runt-vård är inte tillräckligt beforskat. Den här studien använder barnavårdsutredningar från Stockholm stad för att undersöka möjlig diskriminering i placeringsbeslut. Logistisk regression används för att undersöka om ett antal praktikrelaterade faktorer var associerade med beslutet att avsluta barnavårdsutredningar med att antingen placera barnet i dygnet-runt-vård eller låta barnet vara kvar hemma medan familjen får öppenvårdsinsatser. Signifikanta associationer finns mellan första och andra generationens invandrare från länder utanför Europa, ensamföräldrar, försummelse, antalet initiala anmälningar, antalet identifierade sociala problem i familjen, och om sociala problem endast hade identifierats hos föräldrarna. Interaktionstermer visar att risken att placeras inte ökade ytterligare av att ha invandrarbakgrund. Resultatet stödjer därmed den så kallade riskmodellen, det vill säga att överrepresentationen förklaras av att barn med invandrarbakgrund är mer exponerade för risker för att bli aktuella hos socialtjänsten än barn med svensk bakgrund snarare än rasism och fördomar mot invandrare. Undermåliga bostadsförhållanden, fattigdom och segregation är relevanta för Stockholms stad. För att minska överrepresentationen rekommenderas beslutsfattare i Sverige att försöka minska gapet i levnadsvillkor mellan invandrare och svenskfödda.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Henrik Karlsson

Henrik Karlsson, Master’s degree in social work and public health, is an investigator at Research and Development Northwest (FoU Nordväst), in Sollentuna, Sweden. There, he has formulated performance management systems for child-welfare investigations and developed new tools for improving the analytical work of understanding the needs of vulnerable children and their families. Currently, he is conducting research into questions concerning discrimination within child-welfare. Apart from working as an investigator at FoU Nordväst, he is also serving as a child-welfare investigator for children aged between 0 and 12 years at Järfälla municipality north of Stockholm.

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