Mental health and quality of life among Norwegian child welfare service workers

Figures & data

Table 1. Crosstab between psychological distress case (GHQ) and overall QoL case (CL) and compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO) and secondary stress (STS). Significance measured with Chi².

				Total	GHQ Psychological distress			CL Overall Quality of Life
			Levels	N (%) 978	No case N (%) 494 (50.6)	Case N (%) 484 (49.4)	p	No case N (%) 740 (75.6)	Case N (%) 238 (24.4)	p
ProQoL-5 Professional Quality of Life		CS	Low	21 (2.1)	2 (0.4)	19 (3.9)	<0.001	4 (0.5)	17 (7.1)	<0.001
			Moderate	820 (83.6)	389 (78.7)	431 (89.1)		609 (82.3)	211 (88.9)
			High	137 (14.0)	108 (20.9)	34 (7.0)		127 (17.2)	0
	CF	BO	Low	235 (24)	195 (39.5)	40 (8.3)	<0.001	227 (30.7)	8 (3.4)	<0.001
			Moderate	743 (76)	299 (60.5)	444 (91.7)		513 (69.3)	230 (96.6)
			High	0	0	0		0	0
		STS	Low	447 (45.7)	299 (60.5)	148 (30.6)	<0.001	390 (52.7)	57 (23.9)	<0.001
			Moderate	530 (54.2)	195 (39.5)	335 (69.2)		350 (47.3)	180 (75.6)
			High	1 (0.1)	0	1 (0. 2)		0	1 (0.4)

Note: Case GHQ: score > 4 (score 0–12); CL case score < 6 (score 0 −10); CS, BO and STS score 0–22 = low, 23–41 = moderate and 42–50 = high (score 0–50).

Table 2. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis.

	Independent variables	Beta	p	R^2	R^2-change	P	F
Psychological distress (GHQ)
Demographics	Step 1
	Age	−0.06	0.87
	Educational level (Bachelor/master/continuing education)	−0.046	0.09
	Years since education	−0.009	0.83	0.056	0.056	<0.001	16.05
Job related factors	Step 2
	Years of experience in CW	−0.63	0.14
	Number of cases per month (0–10/11–20/>21)	−0.019	0.51
	First versus second line CW’s	−0.015	0.67
	Working place	−0.009	0.78
	Municipal versus state and private CW	0.001	0.98
	Supervision (on cases versus feelings)	−0.025	0.36
	Supervision (individual versus in groups)	−0.027	0.32	0.099	0.043	<0.001	8.92
Professional QoL	Step 3
	Compassion satisfaction (CS)	−0.060	0.12
	Burnout (BO)	0.506	<0.001
	Secondary stress (STS)	0.147	<0.001	0.465	0.365	<0.001	53.23
Overall QoL (CL)
Demographics	Step 1 Demography
	Age	−0.006	0.88
	Educational level (Bachelor/master/continuing education)	0.009	0.73
	Years since education	0.051	0.22	0.045	0.045	<0.001	12.77
Job related factors	Step 2 Job related factors
	Experience in CW	0.008	0.84
	Number of cases per month (0–10/11–20/>21)	0.039	0.18
	First versus second line CW	0.034	0.034
	Workplace	−0.015	0.67
	Municipal versus state and private CW	0.006	0.88
	Supervision (on cases versus own feelings)	0.047	0.08
	Supervision (individual versus in groups)	−0.016	0.55
	Threats in CW	−0.017	0.52	0.091	0.045	<0.001	7.25
Professional QoL	Step 3
	Compassion satisfaction (CS)	0.138	<0.001
	Burnout (BO)	−0.505	<0.001
	Secondary stress (STS)	−0.091	<0.01	0.473	0.383	<0.001	51.11

Note: GHQ and CL are dependent variables.