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Articles

Challenging the Muslimification of Muslims in research on ‘liberal democratic values’: why culture matters beyond religion

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Figures & data

Table 1. Self-perceived socio-cultural distance to outgroup over ‘liberal democratic values’ in respective settlement country estimated marginal means: controlled for age, gender and education (Four point scale 1–4: 1 very similar; 2 quite similar; 3 quite different; 4 very different).

Table 2. Self-perceived socio-cultural distance to outgroup over ‘liberal democratic values’ in respective settlement country estimated marginal means: controlled for age, gender and education (Four point scale 1–4: 1 very similar; 2 quite similar; 3 quite different; 4 very different)

Table 3. Muslims’ self-perceived differences to the majority population over ‘liberal democratic values’ (issues combined): results of regression analyses

Table 4. Self-perceived differences to majority over ‘liberal democratic values’ by family ethnonational origin: Full model per group (standardised regression coefficients).