How much could be saved in Chinese hospitals in procurement of anti-hypertensives and anti-diabetics?

Figures & data

Table 1. Proportion of volume and value consumptions of targeted brand originators for switch analysis to respective Therapeutic Group (1–3 as defined by the study) and to corresponded medicines (both brand originators and generics with unique dosage form and strength) (2012–2014 average per year).

INN/Present/Dose of the targeted brand originators (the brand name and manufacturer of the targeted brand originators were not presented)	ATC III	% of volume consumption of brand originator to respective therapeutic group (Groups 1–3)^a	% of value consumption of brand originator to respective therapeutic group (Groups 1–3)^a	% of volume consumption of brand originator to medicines consumption (specific dosage form and strength brand originators and generics)^b	% of value consumption of brand originator to medicines consumption (specific dosage form and strength brand originators and generics)^b	No. of Domesticprices reported^b	No. of Intl prices reported^b
METOPROLTARTRAT TAB 25 MG 20	C07A	7%	1%	90%	92%	6	NA
BISOPROLOL FUMARAT TAB 5 MG 10		1%	2%	53%	70%	4	3
METOPROLOL TARTRAT TAB 50 MG 20		1%	0.2%	92%	91%	5	NA
Sub-total/average per year		9%	3.2%	78%	84%	5	3
AMLODIPINE BESYLAT TAB 5 MG 7	C08A	3%	8%	47%	75%	73	6
NIFEDIPINE TAB GIT 30 MG 7		3%	8%	85%	91%	5	1
FELODIPINE TAB RTD 5 MG 10		2%	7%	81%	92%	10	NA
Sub-total/average per year		8%	23%	71%	86%	8	4
BENAZEPRIL HYDROCH TAB FLM CTD 10 MG 14	C09A	2%	4%	82%	87%	6	NA
FOSINOPRIL TAB 10 MG 14		1%	1%	79%	83%	3	NA
Sub-total/average per year		3%	5%	81%	85%	5	NA
IRBESARTAN TAB FLM CTD 150 MG 7	C09C	2%	4%	54%	72%	13	2
VALSARTAN CAP 80 MG 7		2%	4%	61%	79%	23	NA
TELMISARTAN TAB 80 MG 7/14		1%	2%	70%	84%	9	NA
LOSARTAN TAB 50 MG 7/14		0.8%	1.7%	54%	65%	10	5
Sub-total/average per year		5.8%	11.7%	60%	75%	14	4
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE + IRBESARTAN TAB 162 MG 7	C09D	1%	2%	50%	53%	8	NA
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE + LOSARTAN TAB 62.5 MG 7		0.4%	1%	53%	62%	7	NA
Sub-total/average per year		1.4%	3%	52%	56%	8	NA
All targeted brand originator anti-hypertensives in sum^a or per product		27.2%	45.9%	53%	62%	7	3
70% NPH/isophane insulin crystals & 30% regular insulin PENFILL 100 IU/ML 3 ML	A10C	19%	18%	64%	67%	2	3
70% NPH/isophane insulin crystals and 30% regular insulin PENFILL 100 IU/ML 3 ML		5%	5%	17%	17%	2	3
50% NPH/isophane insulin crystals and 50% regular insulin PENFILL 100 IU/ML 3 ML		5%	5%	93%	93%	2	NA
INSULIN GLARGINE 300 IU 3 ML		5%	16%	62%	69%	1	NA
All targeted brand originator insulins in sum^a/inaverage^b or per product		34%	44%	59%	62%	2	3
ACARBOSE TAB 50 MG 30	A10L	17%	27%	68%	76%	5	NA
VOGLIBOSE TAB 0.2 MG 30		1%	1%	37%	41%	17	NA
Sub-total/average per year		17%	27%	53%	59%	11	NA
METFORMIN TAB 500 MG 20	A10J	9%	8%	86%	92%	11	5
REPAGLINIDE TAB 1 MG 30	A10M	5%	8%	91%	95%	2	NA
GLICLAZIDE TAB SR 30 MG 30/60	A10H	3%	4%	81%	88%	21	1
GLIMEPIRIDE TAB 2 MG 15/30		2%	6%	44%	76%	27	2
GLICLAZIDE TAB 80 MG 60		1%	1%	52%	68%	42	5
GLIPIZIDE TAB 5 MG 14		1%	2%	79%	88%	4	NA
Sub-total/average per year		7%	13%	64%	80%	24	3
All targeted brand originator oral anti-diabetics in sum or in average		38%	56%	67%	78%	16	3

^a % in sum;

^b in average.

Table 2. Potential savings from a switch of targeted brand originators to domestically available generic equivalents for anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medicines (2012–2014).

Therapeutic group	Total savings (2014 US$)	Average savings per product (2014 US$)	Average % costs saved per product
Anti-hypertensive medicines	1793706 351	44 807 703	45%
Insulins	203 214 038	22 579 338	16%
Oral anti-diabetics medicines	946 733 365	47 672 749	57%
All therapeutic groups	2 943 653 754	38 353 263	39%

Table 3. Comparison of potential savings from a switch of brand originators which have both domestic and international generic equivalents for anti-hypertensive and anti-diabetic medicines (2012–2014).

			Domestic market		International market
			Savings(2014 US$)	% costssaved	Savings(2014 US$)	% costssaved
5 anti-hypertensives targeted for comparison	2012	All products	217,664,609		393,615,265
		Average product	72,554,869	48%	131,205,089	97%
	2013	All products	322,519,503		480,843,467
		Average product	64,503,901	47%	96,168,694	71%
	2014	All products	340,890,505		601,190,976
		Average product	56,057,956	52%	47,700,345	87%
	2012–2014 all products (2014 US$)		881,074,617		1,475,649,708
	2012–2014 average product (2014 US$)		64,372,242	49%	91,91 376	85%
2 insulins	2012	All products	46,558,468		233,757,085
		Average product	23,279,235	16%	116,878,543	84%
	2013	All products	42,543,679		244,207,287
		Average product	21,271,840	14%	122,103,644	86%
	2014	All products	44,695,804		242,216,626
		Average product	22,347,902	16%	121,108,313	88%
	2012–2014 all products (2014 US$)		133,797,951		720,180,998
	2012–2014 average product (2014 US$)		22,299,659	15%	120,030,167	86%
5 oral anti-diabetics	2012	All products	57,664,712		79,776,351
		Average product	28,832,356	72%	39,888,175	89%
	2013	All products	173,758,542		251,823,403
		Average product	43,439,636	58%	62,955,851	94%
	2014	All products	178,866,357		222,900,375
		Average product	59,622,119	70%	74,300,125	90%
	2012–2014 all products (2014 US$)		410,289,611		554,500,129
	2012–2014 average product (2014 US$)		43,964,704	67%	59,048,050	91%
All 12 products	2012–2014 all products (2014 US $)		1,425,162,178		2,750,330,835
	2012–2014 average product (2014 US$)		43,545,535	44%	90,256,531	87%
	Total national basic health insurance expenditure(2012–2014) (2014 US$, billion) (%)		475.70 (0.3)		475.70 (0.6)
	Total national pharmaceutical expenditure(2012–2014) (2014 US$, billion) (%)		655.07 (0.2)		655.07 (0.4)
Difference between domestic and international market (Independent sample t-test)			% cost saved (p-value)
	2012		0.003
	2013		0.002
	2014		0.000