Medical costs in patients with heart failure after acute heart failure events: one-year follow-up study

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients (n = 330).

Characteristics	Mean (SD)	Median	1Q–3Q (IQR)
Age, mean (SD)	70.37 (13.68)	73.00	63.00–79.75
Sex
Male, n (%)	170 (51.52)
Comorbidities, n (%)
Hypertension	198 (60.00)
Diabetes	97 (29.39)
Anemia	88 (26.76)
Other CV-diseases, n (%)
Ischemic heart diseases	81 (24.55)
Valvular heart disease	62 (18.79)
Atrial fibrillation	144 (34.55)
Clinical statues on AHF event
NYHA class, n (%)
II	48 (14.55)
III	165 (50.00)
IV	117 (35.45)
GFR, mean (SD)	94.60 (32.03)	69.67	48.43–89.58
CrCl, mean (SD)	82.30 (37.43)	77.10	53.75–101.85
Hemoglobin, mean (SD)	12.87 (2.13)	12.90	11.70–14.30
NT-Pro BNP, mean (SD)	1,252.29 (1,154.38)	3,971.50	1,865.50–7,138.50
LVEF (systolic), mean (SD)	40.28 (15.66)	37.00	28.00–51.60
SBP, mean (SD)	133 (26.93)	130	112–150
DBP, mean (SD)	80 (16.67)	80	70–90
Pulse, mean (SD)	92 (56.66)	89	75–108

Abbreviations. GFR, Glomerular Filtration Rate; CrCl, Creatinine Clearance; NT-Pro BNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.

Table 2. Per patient medical costs during 1-year follow-up.

Variables	Details (mean ± SD)
Total annual medical cost	6,199 ± 9,676	per patient
AHF treatment	4,300 ± 5,664	per patient
Hospitalization (n = 330)
Frequency	1.32 ± 0.77	per patient
Length of stays (day)	9.95 ± 7.50	per event
Annual Cost (USD)	4,462 ± 6,957	per event
	5,904 ± 9,666	per patient
Ambulatory Services (n = 330)
Frequency	5.87 ± 1.96	per patient
Annual Costs (USD)	48 ± 70	per visit
	282 ± 205	per patient
ER only visit (n = 16)
Annual Costs (USD)	508 ± 444	per visit
	603 ± 462	per patient

Figure 1. Percentage of hospitalized cost components.

Table 3. Composition of per patient medical costs during 1 year (USD).

Category	Mean	SD	Median	Q1–Q3
Consultation	150.42	64.35	129.46	108.07–158.49
Bed for hospitalization	1,026.32	1,459.83	625.41	373.55–1108.70
Meal for hospitalization	148.87	171.61	95.69	59.77–167.95
Pharmaceuticals	455.57	1,495.02	193.40	117.76–349.41
Treatment & Procedure	1,481.59	4,222.10	209.94	85.66–499.88
Examination	2,852.05	3,495.80	31,204.58	1,259.13–2,817.18
Blood	84.04	900.31	42.74	39.02–83.30
Total	6,198.87	9,675.89	3,332.83	2,197.84–5,901.25

Table 4. Results of generalized linear model with gamma distribution.

Variables	Estimate	Standard error
Intercept	14.790**	0.270
Male [Ref = female]	0.088	0.063
Age	0.000	0.003
Re-hospitalization [Ref = no]	0.885**	0.090
Using ICU [Ref = no]	0.196**	0.087
Comorbidities
Hypertension [Ref = no]	0.005	0.085
Diabetes mellitus [Ref = no]	0.081	0.092
Anemia [Ref = no]	0.045	0.090
Other CV-disease
Ischemic heart diseases [Ref = no]	0.255**	0.093
Valvular heart disease [Ref = no]	0.034	0.099
Atrial fibrillation [Ref = no]	–0.258**	0.083
NYHA III	–0.291**	0.117
IV	–0.354**	0.122
II [Ref]	–	–
Length of stay during 1 year	0.067**	0.007

*p < .05; **p < .001.