Figures & data
Figure 1. Identification of the study population. Abbreviation. ICD-10-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, Tenth Revision. Notes: [1] ICD-10-CM codes were used to identify schizophrenia in the primary or secondary diagnosis positions [ICD-10-CM: F20.xx, F21.xx, F25.xx]. [2] Patients were required to have a single state, 3-digit ZIP code, and county of residence throughout the calendar year to ensure reliability of geographic information. Patients from Illinois were excluded from this analysis because of data quality issues.
![Figure 1. Identification of the study population. Abbreviation. ICD-10-CM, International Classification of Diseases, Clinical Modification, Tenth Revision. Notes: [1] ICD-10-CM codes were used to identify schizophrenia in the primary or secondary diagnosis positions [ICD-10-CM: F20.xx, F21.xx, F25.xx]. [2] Patients were required to have a single state, 3-digit ZIP code, and county of residence throughout the calendar year to ensure reliability of geographic information. Patients from Illinois were excluded from this analysis because of data quality issues.](/cms/asset/f9599ccc-23b6-44cb-9f53-7d63480972e2/ijme_a_2084234_f0001_b.jpg)
Table 1. Patient characteristics in 2018.
Table 2. AP use and quality measures in 2018.
Table 3. AP use among patients without dual eligibility (i.e. Medicaid and Medicare) in 2018.
Table 4. All-cause HRU in 2018.
Table 5. All-cause healthcare costs PPPY in 2018 ($2020 USD).
Figure 2. LAI utilization rates (%) and variation in total all-cause healthcare costs. Abbreviations. LAI, long-acting injectable antipsychotic; N/A, not available; PPPY, per-patient-per-year.
Figure 3. Plot of LAI utilization rates versus total all-cause healthcare costs PPPY, at the (A) state level and (B) county level. Abbreviations. LAI, long-acting injectable antipsychotic; PPPY, per-patient-per-year. Note: [1] The equation represents the relationship between the LAI utilization rate (denoted by x) and total healthcare costs (denoted by y). Based on Figure B, if a county had an LAI utilization rate of 0%, total healthcare costs PPPY are estimated as $37,427. For every 5 percentage point increase in LAI utilization in a given county, total healthcare costs were estimated to decrease by $1,900 PPPY.
![Figure 3. Plot of LAI utilization rates versus total all-cause healthcare costs PPPY, at the (A) state level and (B) county level. Abbreviations. LAI, long-acting injectable antipsychotic; PPPY, per-patient-per-year. Note: [1] The equation represents the relationship between the LAI utilization rate (denoted by x) and total healthcare costs (denoted by y). Based on Figure B, if a county had an LAI utilization rate of 0%, total healthcare costs PPPY are estimated as $37,427. For every 5 percentage point increase in LAI utilization in a given county, total healthcare costs were estimated to decrease by $1,900 PPPY.](/cms/asset/4e02395f-2156-43e9-849f-8e8ed392b28d/ijme_a_2084234_f0003_c.jpg)
Supplemental Material
Download MS Excel (872.6 KB)Data set
The data that support the findings of this study are available in the supplementary files.