A discrete-choice experiment to elicit the treatment preferences of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa in the United States

Figures & data

Figure 1. Random-parameters logit model estimates: coefficient estimate (N = 99). The vertical bars around each coefficient estimate (preference weight) represent the 95% confidence interval. Within each attribute, a higher coefficient estimate indicates a level being more preferred, and the sum of the coefficient estimates equals 0. Abbreviations. AE, adverse event; SC, subcutaneous; IV, intravenous

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants.

Parameter	N = 99
Gender, n (%)
Females	90	(90.9%)
Age (years), mean (SD)	41.7	(12.0)
Race, n (%)
White or Caucasian	69	(69.7%)
Black or African American	18	(18.2%)
Asian	1	(1.0%)
Hispanic or Latino	7	(7.1%)
Other	4	(4.0%)
Occupational status, n (%)
Full-time employed	54	(54.5%)
Part-time employed	5	(5.1%)
Self-employed	2	(2.0%)
Student	5	(5.1%)
Not working or unemployed	23	(23.2%)
Retired	10	(10.1%)
Highest level of education, n (%)
Primary or Elementary School	2	(2.0%)
Secondary or High School	35	(35.4%)
College or University Degree	54	(54.5%)
Other	8	(8.1%)
Type of health insurance
Private	59	(59.6%)
Public	33	(33.3%)
Not insured	7	(7.1%)
Disease duration, (years), mean (SD)	10.8	(9.53)
Severity of HS
Mild	11	(11.1%)
Moderate	47	(47.5%)
Severe	41	(41.4%)
Treatment experience
Previous biologic therapy	47	(47.5%)
Previous wide excisional surgery	44	(44.4%)
Level of pain (0–10 VAS), median (IQR)	5	2.5-7
HiSQOL score, median (SD)
Total score	37	(15.71)
Symptom subscale	9	(4.12)
Psychosocial subscale	12	(5.29)
Activities and Adaptations subscale	17	(7.74)
EQ-5D-5L, mean (SD)
Mobility	2.18	(0.81)
Self-care	2.07	(1.01)
Usual Activities	2.48	(1.04)
Pain and Discomfort	2.89	(0.77)
Anxiety and Depression	2.00	(0.97)

Abbreviations. HS, hidradenitis suppurativa; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; HiSQOL, Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life Questionnaire; EQ-5D-5L, EuroQoL 5-Dimension-5 Level Questionnaire; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.

Figure 2. Comparison of the conditional relative importance of treatment attributes between US and European patients. Abbreviation. AE, adverse event. *Adapted from Willems et al.¹².

Table 2. Results from the random parameters logit model of the DCE with US patients.

Attribute (relative importance)	Level	Coefficient estimate (95% CI)^a	p-value	Significant SD^b
Effectiveness (56.3%)	25% Reduction	−2.405 (−3.009, −1.800)	–	–
	50% Reduction	−0.416 (−0.661, −0.172)	<.001	No
	75% Reduction	1.011 (0.661, 1.362)	<.001	Yes
	100% Reduction	1. 809 (1.319, 2.300)	<.001	Yes
Pain reduction (16.0%)	Small	−0.565 (−0.822, −0.307)	–	–
	Moderate	−0.070 (−0.248, 0.108)	.442	No
	Almost complete	0.634 (0.370, 0.899)	<.001	Yes
Duration of treatment benefit (5.9%)	6 months	0.100 (−0.121, 0.320)	–	–
	12 months	0.172 (−0.015, 0.360)	.072	No
	24 months	−0.272 (−0.486, −0.059)	.124	Yes
Annual risk of mild AE (9.4%)	10%	0.322 (0.083, 0.562)	–	–
	30%	0.062 (−0.116, 0.240)	.494	No
	50%	−0.384 (−0.640, −0.129)	.003	Yes
Annual risk of serious infection (4.0%)	0.1%	0.157 (0.138, 0.439)	–	–
	1%	−0.013 (−0.174, 0.148)	.876	No
	3%	−0.144 (−0.347, −0.059)	.165	Yes
Mode of administration (8.3%)	Oral pill, daily	0.208 (−0.079, 0.495)	–	–
	SC injection, bi-weekly	0.209 (−0.007, 0.424)	.058	Yes
	IV injection, monthly	−0.417 (−0.691, −0.142)	.003	Yes
K	26
LL	−682.37
AIC	1416.7

Abbreviations. AIC, Akaike information criterion; CI, confidence interval; K, number of parameters in the model; LL, log-likelihood; AE, adverse event; SC, subcutaneous; IV, intravenous; SD, standard deviation.

^a A positive (negative) sign for a given level indicates a level has a positive (negative) effect on utility.

^b Significance at 5%, standard deviations correspond to the random component of the model coefficients.

Willems D, Hinzpeter EL, Van der Zee HH, et al. Patient preferences in the management of hidradenitis suppurativa: results of a multinational discrete choice experiment in Europe. Patient. 2023;16(2):153–164.

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Data availability statement

Maastricht University is committed to share the data that support the findings of this study with qualified external researchers. The requests are to be made to the corresponding author and will be appraised based on their scientific merit.