Psychological outcomes amongst family medicine healthcare professionals during COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study in Croatia

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants.

Characteristics	Total N (%)	Doctor N (%)	Nurse N (%)
Number of participants	534 (100)	448 (100)	86 (100)
Sex
Female	451 (84.5)	366 (81.7)	85 (98.8)
Male	83 (15.5)	82 (18.3)	1 (1.2)
Age
18–44	209 (39.1)	164 (36.6)	45 (52.3)
≥45	325 (60.9)	284 (63.4)	41 (47.7)
Work experience (years)
0–10	153 (28.7)	126 (28.1)	27 (31.3)
11–30	223 (41.8)	188 (42.0)	35 (40.7)
>30	158 (29.6)	134 (29.9)	24 (27.9)
Marital status
With partner	385 (72.1)	332 (74.1)	53 (61.6)
Without partner	149 (27.9)	116 (25.9)	33 (38.4)
Medical history
Arterial hypertension	99 (18.5)	90 (20.1)	9 (10.5)
Diabetes mellitus	18 (3.4)	16 (3.6)	2 (2.3)
Ischemic heart disease	4 (0.7)	2 (0.4)	2 (2.3)
Stroke	2 (0.4)	2 (0.4)	0 (0)
Hyperlipidemia	63 (11.8)	59 (13.2)	4 (4.7)
Migraine	46 (8.6)	29 (6.5)	17 (19.8)
Gastritis/GERB	114 (21.3)	96 (21.4)	18 (20.9)
Psychiatric illness	18 (3.4)	16 (3.6)	2 (2.3)
Cancer	24 (4.5)	21 (4.7)	3 (3.5)
Skin diseases	29 (5.4)	23 (5.1)	6 (7.0)
Asthma	22 (4.1)	17 (3.8)	5 (5.8)
Smoker	79 (14.8)	58 (12.9)	21 (24.4)
No pre-existing condition	194 (36.3)	166 (37.1)	28 (32.6)

Table 2. Prevalence of different levels of stress, anxiety, depression with median DASS-21 and IES-R scores*.

Outcome	Categories
DASS-21	Normal N (%)	Mild N (%)	Moderate N (%)	Severe N (%)	Extremely severe N (%)	Median (min-max) scores
DASS-21 stress	368	52	68	32	14	6
	(68.9)	(9.7)	(12.7)	(5.9)	(2.6)	(0–21)
DASS-21 anxiety	357	69	54	24	30	2
	(66.85)	(12.9)	(10.1)	(4.5)	(5.6)	(0–19)
DASS-21 depression	369	64	68	19	14	2
	(69.10)	(11.9)	(12.7)	(3.5)	(2.6)	(0–21)
IES-R	Normal	Clinical concern	Probable	Expressed	/	Median (min-max) scores
	357	71	32	74	/	15
	(66.8)	(13.3)	(5.9)	(13.8)		(0–82)

*DASS-21 cut-off scores of >14 for stress: mild (15–18), moderate (19–25), severe (26–33), extremely severe (34–42); >7 for anxiety: mild (8–9), moderate (10–14), severe (15–19), extremely severe (20–42); and >9 for depression: mild (10–13), moderate (14–20), severe (21–27), extremely severe (28–42).

IES-R cut-off scores for PTSD ≥24: for mild (24–32), moderate (33–36), and severe (>37).

Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression model for DASS-21 and IES-R scores.

	Stress		Anxiety		Depression		IES-R
Variable	OR		OR		OR		OR	p
	(95%CI)	p	(95%CI)	p	(95%CI)	p	(95%CI)
Age (years):		0.099		0.042		0.075		0.791
<45	0.502		0.565		0.522		0.948
>45	(0.221–1.139)		(0.326–0.98)		(0.255–1.068)		(0.637–1.41)
Sex:		0.580		0.880		0.179		0.011
Men	0.77		1.057		2.109		2.121
Women	(0.305–1.943		(0.515–2.169)		(0.711–6.259)		(1.186–3.792)
Marital status:		0.301		0.865		0.857		0.195
With partner	1.221		1.024		0.968		0.868
Without partner	(0.837–1.781)		(0.782–1.34)		(0.68–1.378)		(0.701–1.075)
Profession:		0.117		0.732		0.210		0.394
Doctor	3.04		0.882		1.95		1.281
Nurses	(0.757–12.207)		(0.431–1.807)		(0.687–5.537)		(0.725–2.266)
Work experience: (years)		0.780		0.256		0.269		0.995
<20	1.107		1.325		1.42		0.999
>20	(0.544–2.251)		(0.815–2.155)		(0.762–2.645)		(0.702–1.421)
Chronic disease:		0.000		<0.001		0.002		<0.001
No	5.394		2.656		3.019		2.882
Yes	(2.345–12.407)		(1.567–4.501)		(1.525–5.977)		(1.94–4.283)
Having schoolchildren:		0.149		0.620		0.282		0.075
No	1.852		1.158		0.624		1.481
Yes	(0.802–4.278)		(0.649–2.064)		(0.264–1.473)		(0.961–2.284)
Workplace:		0.718		0.895		0.413		0.351
Other	0.862		0.963		1.332		1.219
Zagreb	(0.384–1.932)		(0.556–1.671)		(0.67–2.649)		(0.804–1.847)

OR – odds ratio, OR </>1: presence of variable reduces/raises the odds of the event, CI – confidence interval, IES-R – impact of event scale-revised, p – p-value.