Primary care is the frontline for help-seeking insomnia patients

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of inclusion of subjects in the study.

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of sample with insomnia (n = 99).

	No. (%)
Sex
Male	30 (30.3)
Female	69 (69.7)
Civil status
Single	22 (22.2)
Stable partner	54 (54.5)
Separated/divorced/widowed	18 (18.2)
Do not know/no answer	5 (5.1)
Employment status
Employed	44 (44.4)
Unemployed	21 (21.2)
Retired	25 (25.3)
Student	0 (0.0)
Homemaker	3 (3.0)
Do not know/no answer	6 (6.1)
Level of education
Illiterate/incomplete primary studies	32 (32.3)
Primary	23 (23.2)
Secondary	24 (24.2)
University	13 (13.1)
Do not know/no answer	7 (7.1)
Age, y
<50	45 (45.5)
50–65	40 (40.4)
>65	14 (14.1)

Table 2. Association between help seeking for insomnia and sociodemographic factors, number of comorbidities, and the presence of anxiety and depression.

	Consultation No. (%)	Non consultation No. (%)	OR (95% CI)	P
Sex
Male	8 (20.5)	22 (37.3)	1
Female	31 (79.5)	37 (62.7)	2.30 (0.90–5.85)	0.07
Age, (years)
< 40	6 (15.4)	16 (27.1)	1
40–49	11 (28.2)	12 (20.3)	2.44 (0.70–8.48)	0.15
50–64	14 (35.9)	22 (37.3)	1.69 (0.53–5.37)	0.36
≥ 65	8 (20.5)	9 (15.3)	2.37 (0.62–9.02)	0.20
Civil status
Single	8 (21.6)	14 (25.0)	1
Stable partner	19 (51.4)	35 (62.5)	0.95 (0.33–2.66)	0.92
Divorced/widowed	10(16.2)	7 (12.5)	2.50 (0.68–9.16)	0.16
Level of education
Illiterate/incomplete primary studies	12 (34.3)	19 (33.9)	1
Primary	8 (22.9)	15 (26.8)	0.84 (0.27–2.59)	0.76
Secondary	10 (28.6)	14 (25.0)	1.13 (0.38–3.35)	0.82
University	5 (14.3)	8 (14.3)	0.99 (0.26–3.74)	0.98
Employment status
Working	19 (52.8)	25 (44.6)	1
Unemployed	8 (22.2)	13 (23.2)	0.81 (0.27–2.34)	0.15
Retired/student/not working	9(32.3)	18 (32.1)	0.65 (0.24–1.78)	0.41
Comorbid conditions, No.
0–2	18 (48.6)	32 (34.8)	1
≥3	19 (51.4)	23 (41.8)	1.46 (0.63–3.39)	0.39
Depression
No	26 (70.3)	46 (83.6)	1
Yes	11 (29.7)	9 (16.4)	2.16 (0.79–5.89)	0.12
Anxiety
No	18 (58.6)	38 (69.1)	1
Yes	19 (51.4)	17 (30.9)	2.35 (0.99–5.58)	0.05

Table 3. Association between help seeking for insomnia and insomnia severity and sleep quality.

	Consultation No. (%)	Non consultation No. (%)	OR (95% CI)	P
Insomnia duration (months)
< 12	5 (13.5)	9 (16.4)	1
≥12	32 (86.5)	46 (83.6)	1.25 (0.38–4.08)	0.70
Insomnia severity Index
Subthreshold	22 (56.4)	45 (76.3)	1
Clinical	17 (43.6)	14 (23.7)	2.48 (1.03–5.94)	0.03
Worried
Not at all/a little	11 (42.4)	25 (23.1)	1
Somewhat	9 (27.1)	16 (28.2)	1.19 (0.64–5.63)	0.24
Very/very much	19 (30.5)	18 (30.5)	2.93 (1.08–7.95)	0.03
Interference with daily functioning
Not at all/a little	6 (15.4)	16 (27.1)	1
Somewhat	14 (35.9)	26 (44.1)	1.43 (0.45–4.49)	0.53
Much/very much	19 (48.7)	17 (28.8)	2.98 (0.94–9.35)	0.61
Noticeable to others
Not at all/a little	19 (48,3)	36 (61.0)	1
Somewhat	13 (33,3)	20 (33.9)	1.23 (0.50–3.00)	0.64
Much/very much	7 (17.9)	3 (5.1)	4.42 (1.02–19.08)	0.04
Satisfaction
Very satisfied/satisfied	5 (8,5)	4 (10.3)	1
Moderately satisfied	21 (35,6)	6 (15.4)	0.35 (0.07–1.72)	0.20
Dissatisfied/very dissatisfied	33 (55.9)	29 (74.4)	1.09 (0.26–4.48)	0.09
Sleep efficiency (%)
<85	9 (24.3)	15 (27.3)	1
75–85	5 (13.5)	10 (18.2)	0.83 (0.21–3.23)	0.79
65–75	7 (18.9)	8 (14.5)	1.45 (0.39–5.39)	0.57
<65	16 (43.2)	22 (40.0)	1.21 (0.42–3.45)	0.71
Sleep duration (hours)*
>7	0 (0)	0 (0)	1
6–7	17 (48.5)	26 (49.0)	0.77 (0.17–3.41)	0.73
5–6*	9 (25.7)	16 (30.2)	0.70 (0.15–3.30)	0.65
<5	9 (25.7)	11 (20.8)	1.02 (0.21–4.97)	0.98
Sleep quality
Good/very good	7 (18.9)	42 (76.4)	1
Poor/very poor	30 (81.1)	13 (23.6)	1.32 (0.47–3.72)	0.59