Primary care practice-based care management for chronically ill patients (PraCMan) in German healthcare: Outcome of a propensity-score matched cohort study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Observation periods.

Table 1. Patient characteristics.

	PraCMan	Matched controls	Standardised difference
Number of patients	6148	6148
Male^a (n; %)	3394 (55.2%)	3443 (56.0%)	0.016
Age^a (mean ± SD)	75.6 ± 9.8	75.5 ± 9.8	0.009
Need for nursing care^a (n; %)	910 (14.8%)	900 (14.6%)	0.007
Charlson index^a			0.018
Mean; 95%-CI	4.57; [4.51, 4.64]	4.53; [4.47; 4.59]
Median; 25% perc.; 75% perc.	4.0; 3.0; 6.0	4.0; 3.0; 6.0
Chronic index condition
CHF^a (n; %)	4679 (76.1%)	4666 (75.9%)	0.003
T2DM^a (n; %)	3277 (53.3%)	3240 (52.7%)	0.012
COPD^a (n; %)	2803 (45.6%)	2779 (45.2%)	0.008

^aDifference of percentage or mean: not significant.

CHF: chronic heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Table 2. Average patient hospitalisation rates.

	Year before intervention	Year after intervention
PraCMan
Mean [95%-CI]	1.112 [1.078; 1.146]	0.787 [0.754; 0.820]
Median; 25% Perc.; 75% Perc.	1.0; 0.0; 2.0	0.0; 0.0; 1.0
Matched Controls
Mean [95%-CI]	1.074 [1.041; 1.107]	0.858 [0.824; 0.892]
Median; 25% Perc.; 75% Perc.	1.0; 0.0; 2.0	0.0; 0.0; 1.0
Risk Ratio
(PraCMan vs. Controls)
RR [95%-CI]	1.035 [1.001; 1.071]	0.917 [0.882; 0.954]
	p < 0.05	p < 0.001
Reduction of hospitalisations
(DID: ΔPraCMan–ΔControls)
Mean; 95%-CI	−0.1090; [−0.1688; −0.0491]
Median; 25% Perc.; 75% Perc.	0.0; −1.0; 1.0
	p < 0.001

CI: confidence interval; DID: differences-in-differences; Perc.: percentile.

Table 3. Average patient hospitalisation costs in €.

	Year before intervention	Year after intervention
PraCMan
Mean [95%-CI]	4570 [4348; 4792]	3315 [3114; 3516]
Median; 25% Perc.; 75% Perc.	2031.46; 0.0; 5794.03	0.0; 0.00; 3371.46
Matched Controls
Mean [95%-CI]	4431 [4229; 4633]	3659 [3459; 3859]
Median; 25% Perc.; 75% Perc.	1811.03; 0.00; 5592.84	0.00; 0.00; 4133.72
Reduction of costs
(DID: ΔPraCMan–ΔControls)
Mean; 95%-CI	−482.66 [−865.02, −100.30])
Median; 25% Perc.; 75% Perc.	−5700.04; 0.00; 4884.19
	p < 0.001

CI: confidence interval; DID: differences-in-differences; Perc.: percentile.