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Research Reports

Anophthalmia and microphthalmia in children: associated ocular, somatic and genetic morbidities and quality of life

, , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Pages 172-183 | Received 21 Jun 2021, Accepted 26 Sep 2021, Published online: 02 Feb 2022

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic data on children with microphthalmia and anophthalmia including age at examination, completed gestational age and birth weight, mode of delivery, diagnosis, unilaterality or bilaterality and microphthalmia subgroup

Figure 1. (a–d) Girl born with total blindness (amaurosis) due to right sided anophthalmia and left sided microphthalmia. There was no bulb on the right side and a very small, rudimentary bulb 5 mm on the left side. (a) New-born child, one month of age. (b) Treatment with expanding conformers, here 10 months of age. (c) Six years of age with bilateral prostheses. (d) MRI of the brain and orbits showing anophthalmia right eye and microphthalmia left eye (Published with permission from parents) .

Figure 1. (a–d) Girl born with total blindness (amaurosis) due to right sided anophthalmia and left sided microphthalmia. There was no bulb on the right side and a very small, rudimentary bulb 5 mm on the left side. (a) New-born child, one month of age. (b) Treatment with expanding conformers, here 10 months of age. (c) Six years of age with bilateral prostheses. (d) MRI of the brain and orbits showing anophthalmia right eye and microphthalmia left eye (Published with permission from parents) .

Figure 2. (a–c) Child born with small microphthalmic left eye. (a) Two months of age. (b) Treated with expanding conformers-at eight months of age she is wearing a-left eye prosthesis. Right eye normal. (c) Magnetic resonance tomography (T-2 weighted) of the brain and orbits. Note the microphthalmic left eye. (Published with permission from the parents).

Figure 2. (a–c) Child born with small microphthalmic left eye. (a) Two months of age. (b) Treated with expanding conformers-at eight months of age she is wearing a-left eye prosthesis. Right eye normal. (c) Magnetic resonance tomography (T-2 weighted) of the brain and orbits. Note the microphthalmic left eye. (Published with permission from the parents).

Figure 3. Prostheses from one child with bilateral anophthalmia.

Figure 3. Prostheses from one child with bilateral anophthalmia.

Table 2. Somatic comorbidities in children with anophthalmia and microphthalmia including subgroup, isolated or non-isolated A/M, genetic findings, magnetic resonance imaging of the bulb and CNS, and disorders in different organ systems

Table 3. Ocular characteristics including diagnosis, visual functions, VEP, intraocular pressure, treatment with expander (E) and/or prosthesis (P)

Figure 4. Somatic co-morbidities in patients with anophthalmia or microphthalmia.

Figure 4. Somatic co-morbidities in patients with anophthalmia or microphthalmia.

Table 4. Health-related quality of life reported by parents and children according to age