Examining the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status validity indices in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Figures & data

Table 1. Age, education, neuropsychological test results and self-reported executive deficits.

	N	Mean	SD	Minimum	Maximum
Age in years	250	24.37	5.67	18	51
Education in years	250	12.48	1.84	9	18
NART predicted FSIQ	176	100.73	4.28	92	117
WAIS-IV FSIQ	49	85.37	11.66	69	112
RBANS Indices
Immediate Memory Index	250	80.52	20.36	40	133
Visuospatial Index	250	88.39	16.10	40	110
Language Index	250	79.54	17.12	40	121
Attention Index	250	71.14	18.81	40	118
Delayed Memory Index	250	81.00	21.14	40	131
Total Scale	250	71.20	18.81	40	117
BRIEF-A Initiate Scale	250	65.23	13.45	37	89

Note. NART = National Adult Reading Test; WAIS-IV FSIQ = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition Full Scale Intelligence Quotient; RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status; BRIEF-A = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version.

Table 2. Frequency distributions of measures of the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Performance Validity Tests in Clinical populations and Standardization Sample.

Cutoff Scores	Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (current study; N = 250)	Effort Index Derivation Sample (N = 103)	RBANS U.S. Standardization Sample (N = 540)	Performance Validity Index Derivation Sample (N = 234)
Digit Span raw scores
<9	40%	32%	23%	–
<8	21%	11%	7%	–
<7	11%	8%	–	–
List Recognition raw scores
<19	22%	39%	14%	–
<18	13%	24%	7%	–
<17	8%	16%	–	–
<16	5%	10%	–	–
<15	2%	8%	–	–
Digit Span + List Recognition
<28	29%	–	17%	–
Effort Index
>0	28%	34%	–	48%
>1	24%	25%	–	–
>2	14%	16%	–	–
>3	6%	6%	–	–
>4	3%	–	–	–
Effort Scale
<12	28%	–	15%	32%
<1	16%	–	–	–
<−5	6%	–	–	–
Performance Validity Index
<53	29%	–	–	–
<50	16%	–	–	–
<42	6%	–	–	35%

Note. RBANS = Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. The Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders column designates frequencies observed in the current study, the Effort Index Derivation Sample was reported in Silverberg et al. (2007), the RBANS U.S. Standardization Sample was reported in Novitski et al. (2012), and the Performance Validity Index Derivation Sample was reported in Paulson et al. (2015).

Table 3. Spearman’s Rank Order Correlations Matrix.

	1.	2.	3.	4.	5.	6.	7.	8.	9.	10.	11.	12.	13.	14.
1. Effort Index	–
2. Effort Scale	.192*
3. Performance Validity Index	–.574**	–.864**
4. BRIEF-A Initiate Scale	.158*	.052	–.073
5. Immediate Memory	–.407**	–.647**	.710**	–.074
6. Visuospatial/ Constructional	–.260**	–.328**	.356**	–.077	.222**
7. Language	–.214**	–.312**	.353**	–.071	.429**	.189**
8. Attention	–.397**	–.420**	.563**	–.113	.456**	.325**	.390**
9. Delayed Memory	–.456**	–.906**	.951**	–.059	.713**	.357**	.347**	.514**
10. Total Scale	–.484**	–.762**	.826**	–.103	.790**	.540**	.621**	.734**	.822**
11. Aggregate Global Performance	–.400**	–.633**	.671**	–.105	.793**	.601**	.730**	.536**	.677**	.920**
12. Age in Years	–.075	.243**	–.081	–.177**	.018	.065	.068	.010	–.120	.001	0.067
13. Years of Education	–.186**	–.239**	.212**	–.128*	.341**	.178**	.199**	.350**	.224**	.345**	.342**	.215**
14. NART predicted FSIQ	–.285**	–.163	.331**	–.088	.398**	.237**	.315**	.333**	.276**	.482**	.481**	.148	.554**
15. WAIS-IV FSIQ	–.556**	–.247	.511**	.053	.374**	.261	.468**	.639**	.469**	.621**	.549**	–.065	.279	.516**

Note. N = 250 for all variables except for the ES (n = 128). BRIEF-A = Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult Version; Aggregate Global Performance = the sum of Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) Immediate Memory, Visuospatial/Construction, and Language indices. NART = National Adult Reading Test; WAIS-IV FSIQ = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fourth Edition Full Scale Intelligence Quotient;.

* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Silverberg, N. D., Wertheimer, J. C., & Fichtenberg, N. L. (2007). An effort index for the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 21(5), 841–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/13854040600850958

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Novitski, J., Steele, S., Karantzoulis, S., & Randolph, C. (2012). The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status effort scale. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 27(2), 190–195. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acr119

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Paulson, D., Horner, M. D., & Bachman, D. (2015). A comparison of four embedded validity indices for the RBANS in a memory disorders clinic. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : The Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists, 30(3), 207–216. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acv009

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