Figures & data
Table 1. Public spending on family policy in Purchasing Power Standard (PPS) per person below the age of 15 in 2014
Figure 1. Formal childcare for children in 2016 (% of the age group)
Sources: Own calculations based on Eurostat EU-SILC.
Notes: Formal childcare includes education at pre-school or compulsory education, centre-based services or day-care centres organized by a public or private structure. Formal childcare is only a proxy, because there are no comparable data only for public childcare as a clear separation of public and private often is not possible. Some countries finance childcare, some subsidize employer or private formal childcare and some have tax measures (see also Blome Citation2017). National sources for Italy, for example, show lower numbers than our data. However, the country differences are rather robust when using different sources corroborating our arguments.
Table 2. Statutory leave, 2017
Table 3. Availability of family-friendly working time arrangements, 2013 (% of all firms)
Table 4. Family-friendly working time arrangements: the employees’ perspective, 2015 (% of employees)
Table 5. Industrial relations 2013