Comparison of Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation and Hydrodistillation Methods for the Analysis of Volatile Secondary Metabolites

Figures & data

Table 1 The yields of essential oils of fruits of Anethum graveolens. and Coriandrum sativum..

	Classical hydrodistillation		Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation
Sample	Whole fruit	Ground fruit	Whole fruit	Ground fruit
Anethum graveolens.	2.1	2.1	2.0	2.5
Coriandrum sativum.	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5

Table 2 The composition of essential oils of Anethum graveolens. obtained from hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation.

		Classical hydrodistillation		Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation
RRI	Compounds	Whole fruit	Ground fruit	Whole fruit	Ground fruit
1176	α.-Phellandrene	0.3	0.3	0.2	0.3
1203	Limonene	17.9	20.5	4.7	17.6
1218	β.-Phellandrene	tr	tr	0.1	0.1
1224	o.-Mentha-1(7),5,8-triene	0.5	0.4	0.2	0.3
1280	p.-Cymene	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.2
1452	α.,p.-Dimethylstyrene	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1458	cis.-1,2-Limonene epoxide	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1468	trans.-1,2-Limonene epoxide	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1529	Dill ether	tr	0.1	0.1	0.1
1624	trans.-Dihydrocarvone	1.9	1.3	1.1	1.0
1645	cis.-Isodihydrocarvone	7.5	10.1	10.9	9.1
1751	Carvone	45.7	52.2	69.3	54.3
1760	Isodihydrocarveol	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.2
1783	neo.-Isodihydrocarveol	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3
1845	trans.-Carveol	tr	tr	0.2	0.1
1856	Carvone-1,2-epoxide	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1865	Isopiperitenone	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1882	cis.-Carveol	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
2245	Elemicin	0.1	tr	tr	0.1
2296	Myristicin	8.7	5.5	5.6	5.9
2384	Dill apiole	14.1	8.1	6.2	9.8
TOTAL		98.0	99.8	100	100

tr: < 0.1. RRI, relative retention indices.

Table 3 The composition of essential oils of Coriandrum sativum. obtained from hydrodistillation and microwave-assisted hydrodistillation.

		Classical hydrodistillation		Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation
RRI	Compounds	Whole fruit	Ground fruit	Whole fruit	Ground fruit
1032	α.-Pinene	2.6	2.1	0.1	1.0
1118	β.-Pinene	0.3	0.3	—	0.2
1132	Sabinene	0.2	0.1	—	0.1
1174	Myrcene	—	0.2	—	0.2
1203	Limonene	0.2	0.3	—	0.2
1255	γ.-Terpinene	3.3	—	0.5	3.0
1280	p.-Cymene	2.1	2.1	0.3	1.0
1290	Terpinolene	tr	0.1	—	0.1
1400	Nonanal	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1450	trans.-Linalool oxide	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1474	trans.-Sabinene hydrate	tr	—	0.1	0.1
1478	cis.-Linalool oxide	0.1	0.1	0.1	—
1487	Citronellal	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
1506	Decanal	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.1
1532	Camphor	0.4	0.6	—	0.7
1553	Linalool	80.0	79.6	75.5	81.2
1562	Octanol	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.4
1611	Terpinen-4-ol	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4
1655	(E.)-2-Decenal	tr	0.1	0.1	0.1
1668	Citronellyl acetate	tr	0.1	0.1	0.1
1704	Myrtenyl acetate	tr	0.1	—	tr
1706	α.-Terpineol	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.3
1719	Borneol	0.1	0.1	—	0.1
1733	Neryl acetate	tr	0.1	—	0.1
1741	β.-Bisabolene	tr	—	0.1	—
1751	Carvone	0.2	0.2	—	0.2
1765	Geranyl acetate	1.7	2.8	1.5	4.1
1772	Citronellol	0.2	—	—	—
1830	Tridecanal	tr	—	0.1	—
1849	(E.)-2-Dodecenal	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.5
1857	Geraniol	0.9	1.0	1.0	1.1
2008	Caryophyllene oxide	tr	—	0.2	0.1
2030	Methyl eugenol	tr	—	0.1	0.1
2296	Myristicin	—	—	0.1	—
2298	Decanoic acid	—	—	0.1	—
2400	Undecanoic acid	—	—	0.2	—
2503	Dodecanoic acid	—	—	1.5	—
2670	Tetradecanoic acid	2.8	2.3	8.8	2.7
2822	Pentadecanoic acid	—	0.2	0.6	0.2
2931	Hexadecanoic acid	1.9	2.5	6.0	1.3
TOTAL		98.4	96.7	98.9	100

tr: < 0.1. RRI, relative retention indices.