Phytochemical and Antiplatelet Investigation of Gundelia tournifortii.

Figures & data

Table 1.. The identified constituents of the volatile oil of Gundelia tournifortii..

No.	Compound^a.	RI DB5	Percent (%)
1	3-δ.-Carene	1011	t
2	2,4-Nonadienal	1014	0.23
3	p.-Cymene	1032	0.57
4	Limonene	1047	0.88
5	γ.-Terpinene	1064	0.17
6	α.-Terpinolene	1095	0.08
7	Linalool	1107	1.40
8	Terpinen-4-ol	1185	0.40
9	α.-Terpineol	1219	1.25
10	Cuminal	1243	2.73
11	Linalool acetate	1256	0.47
12	Trans.-Anethole	1284	2.65
13	Safrole	1290	0.40
14	Carvacrol	1302	3.19
15	α.-Terpinyl acetate	1352	36.21
16	Eugenol	1363	6.70
17	α.-Copaene	1379	0.22
18	Methyl eugenol	1407	12.57
19	β.-Caryophyllene	1410	5.94
20	α.-Humulene	1440	1.65
21	α.-Curcumene	1470	3.10
22	Zingiberene	1482	5.84
23	α.-Farnesene	1490	2.59
24	β.-Bisabolene	1507	0.19
25	β.-Sesquiphellandrene	1511	2.54
26	caryophellene oxide	1585	1.26
	Total identified		93.23
	Unknown		6.77

RI DB5: retention indices relative to C9-C30 n.-alkanes on the DB5 column. t = traces < 0.05%.

^a.Compounds listed in order of elution on the DB5 column.

Table 2.. Effect of Gundelia. extract alone and in combination with aspirin on platelet aggregation.

Conc. of chloroform extract (µg/ml)	% inhibition^a. Mean (SD)^b. (extract)	% inhibition^a. Mean (SD)^b. (control)^c.	Conc. of added aspirin (µg/ml)	% inhibition^a. Mean (SD)^b. (combination)
200	14.46 (0.94)^d.	5.03 (1.64)	12.5	12.60 (2.49)
			25	20.70 (2.15)
			50	77.83 (2.48)
400	38.10 (1.20)^d.	5.03 (1.64)	12.5	27.34 (2.47)
			25	26.64 (5.04)
			50	75.08 (2.51)
800	64.46 (2.66)^d.	5.03 (1.64)	12.5	78.70 (1.41)
			25	78.90 (1.61)
			50	80.67 (1.73)

^a.Percent (%) inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by AA.

^b.Mean value of four replicate experiments with the standard deviation (SD) between brackets.

^c.Negative control contains DMSO (1% final concentration), PRP, and the aggregation agonist AA.

^d.p < 0.01 as compared with control values.

Figure 1The chemical structure of coumarins isolated from Gundelia tournifortii..

Table 3.. The effect of chloroform extract of Gundelia tournifortii., aspirin, scopoletin, isoscopoletin, esculin, and the mixture β.-sitosterol and stigmasterol on platelet aggregation induced by AA and ADP.

	IC50 (µg/ml)^a.
Inducer	Chloroformic extract	Aspirin	Scopoletin	Isoscopoletin	Esculin	β.-sitosterol, stigmasterol
ADP	780±59.9	—	—	—	—	—
AA	600±16.0	29±1.3	—	—	—	—

^a.Platelets were preincubated with different concentrations of the various agents or DMSO (1%, control) at 37°C for 3 min then ADP (1 × 10⁻⁵ M) or AA (500 µg/ml) was added. Results are expressed as means±SD of four replicate experiments.—, no activity.