Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Properties of Thymus fallax.

Figures & data

Table 1.. Antibacterial activity of Thymus fallax. extracts against the bacteria

		Inhibition zone in diameter (mm/sensitive strains)^a.
Bacterial species	Number of strains/origins	Thymus fallax. extracts (300 µg/disk)	Negative control MeOH	Positive controls (mm)^b. standard antibiotic disk
Acidovorax facilis.	1/food	11 mm	—	28 (OFX)
Arthrobacter agilis.	2/food	—	—	31 (SCF)
Arthrobacter atrocyaneus.	1/food	11 mm	—	15 (OFX)
Arthrobacter ilicis.	1/food	7 mm	—	20 (OFX)
Arthrobacter protophormiae.	2/food	—	—	21 (NET)
Bacillus cereus.	3/food	—	—	21 (OFX)
Bacillus dipsauri.	4/food	—	—	26 (OFX)
Bacillus flexus.	3/food	—	—	27 (SCF)
Bacillus lentimorbus.	1/food	—	—	30 (OFX)
Bacillus lichemiformis.	4/food	—	—	29 (OFX)
Bacillus marinus.	4/food	—	—	14 (OFX)
Bacillus megaterium.	2/food	—	—	26 (OFX)
Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus.	6/food	—	—	15 (OFX)
Bacillus pumilus.	7/food	—	—	24 (SCF)
Bacillus sphaericus.	1/food	13 mm	—	21 (OFX)
Bacillus. spp.	1/food	8 mm	—	20 (SCF)
Bacillus subtilis.	1/food	8 mm	—	29 (OFX)
Brevibacillus agri.	5/food	—	—	27 (OFX)
Brevibacillus brevis.	1/food	9 mm	—	32 (NET)
Brevibacterium linen.	2/food	—	—	22 (SCF)
Chryseomonas luteola.	2/food	—	—	30 (OFX)
Citrobacter amalonaticus.	3/food	—	—	23 (NET)
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes.	1/food	12 mm	—	20 (OFX)
Corynebacterium cystitidis.	2/food	—	—	18 (OFX)
Corynebacterium flavescens.	1/food	10 mm	—	24 (OFX)
Enterococcus faecalis.	3/food	—	—	10 (SCF)
Enterobacter hormaechei.	1/food	13 mm	—	22 (OFX)
Enterobacter intermedius.	2/food	7–8 mm	—	16 (SCF)
Enterobacter sakazakii.	1/food	9 mm	—	21 (NET)
Erwinia carotovora.	4/food	—	—	20 (NET)
Erwinia chrysanthemi.	2/food	—	—	17 (SCF)
Exiguobacterium acetylicum.	1/food	10 mm	—	20 (OFX)
Flavimonas oryzihabitans.	2/food	—	—	30 (OFX)
Kocuria kristinae.	2/food	—	—	24 (NET)
Kocuria rosea.	1/food	8 mm	—	15 (OFX)
Micrococcus luteus.	5/food	—	—	28 (OFX)
Micrococcus lylae.	3/food	—	—	30 (OFX)
Moraxella catarrhali.	1/food	10 mm	—	18 (OFX)
Neisseria subflava.	1/food	11 mm	—	24 (OFX)
Paenibacillus apiarius.	1/food	—	—	30 (OFX)
Paenibacillus macerans.	1/food	13 mm	—	30 (OFX)
Paenibacillus polymyxa.	1/food	—	—	30 (OFX)
Pantoea agglomerans.	1/food	7 mm	—	30 (OFX)
Proteus vulgaris.	1/food	11 mm	—	20 (OFX)
Pseudomonas putida.	1/food	9 mm	—	17 (OFX)
Pseudomonas syringae syringae.	2/food	8–13 mm	—	15 (OFX)
Psychrobacter immobilis.	1/food	12 mm	—	20 (OFX)
Salmonella typhimurium.	1/food	9 mm	—	28 (OFX)
Serratia liquefaciens.	3/food	—	—	30 (OFX)
Shigella dysenteriae.	1/food	10 mm	—	21 (NET)
Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii.	1/food	8 mm	—	12 (OFX)
Xanthomonas arb. corylina.	1/food	9 mm	—	22 (OFX)
Total 52 bacterial species	100

^a.MeOH, methanol extract.

^b.OFX, ofloxacin (5 µg/disk); SCF, sulbactam (30 µg) + cefoperazona (75 µg) (105 µg/disk); NET, netilmicin (30 µg/disk) were used as positive reference standards antibiotic disks (oxoid).

Table 2.. The MIC values of Thymus fallax. extracts against microorganisms tested in the microdilution assay (MIC in µg/ml)

Bacterial species	Number of strains/origins	Thymus fallax. extracts	Standard drug (maxipime)
Acidovorax facilis.	1	> 500 µg/ml	250 µg/ml
Arthrobacter atrocyaneus.	1	250 µg/ml	62.50 µg/ml
Arthrobacter ilicis.	1	62.50 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Bacillus. spp.	1	31.25 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Bacillus sphaericus.	1	> 500 µg/ml	31.25 µg/ml
Bacillus subtilis.	1	125 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Brevibacillus brevis.	1	250 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Corynebacterium ammoniagenes.	1	250 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Corynebacterium flavescens.	1	250 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Enterobacter hormaechei.	1	250 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Enterobacter intermedius.	2	250 µg/ml	31.25 µg/ml
Enterobacter sakazakii.	1	> 500 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Exiguobacterium acetylicum.	1	250 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Kocuria rosea.	1	125 µg/ml	31.25 µg/ml
Moraxella catarrhalis.	1	250 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Neisseria subflava.	1	> 500 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Paenibacillus macerans.	1	> 500 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Pantoea agglomerans.	1	> 500 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Proteus vulgaris.	1	250 µg/ml	62.50 µg/ml
Psychrobacter immobilis.	1	62.50 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Pseudomonas putida.	1	> 500 µg/ml	> 500 µg/ml
Pseudomonas syringae syringae.	2	> 500 µg/ml	250 µg/ml
Salmonella typhimurium.	1	> 500 µg/ml	NT
Shigella dysenteriae.	1	> 500 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Staphylococcus cohni cohni.	1	125 µg/ml	7.81 µg/ml
Xanthomonas arboricola corylina.	1	250 µg/ml	> 500 µg/ml

OFX, ofloxacin (5 µg/disk); SCF, sulbactam (30 µg) + cefoperazona (75 µg) (105 µg/disk); NET, netilmicin (30 µg/disk) were used as positive reference standards antibiotic disks (oxoid). NT, not tested.