Bark and Fruit Extracts of Gmelina arborea. Protect Liver Cells from Oxidative Stress

Figures & data

Table 1 Effect of Gmelina. bark and fruit extracts in protecting liver cells from H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress

				H2O^+2
				Fruit extract			Bark extract
Units/100 mg tissue (wet wt.)	Control	H2O2	H2O2 + AA	1%	5%	10%	1%	5%	10%
LDH	6 ± 1.2	38 ± 4.5	12 ± 3.3	27 ± 1.3	12 ± 1.9	7 ± 2.3	10 ± 2.4	8 ± 1.4	5 ± 1
SOD	19 ± 5.9	48 ± 4.2	33 ± 2.0	36 ± 4.4	24 ± 2.9	22 ± 3.0	33 ± 0.73	27 ± 2.1	25 ± 3.0
CAT	16 ± 4.3	88 ± 8.1	13 ± 2.4	32 ± 3.8	23 ± 2.1	14 ± 2.2	39 ± 4.36	16 ± 2.4	15 ± 3.5
GR	0.14 ± 0.02	0.34 ± 0.07	0.19 ± 0.06	0.1 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.02

Cytotoxicity was assessed in terms of % lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released, and the response to oxidative stress was measured in terms of antioxidant enzyme activities. Ascorbic acid (AA) was used as a standard antioxidant to compare the effectiveness of the extracts. Values represent means of at least three experiments and their standard deviations. SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; and GR, glutathione reductase.

*These values differ significantly (p = 0.002) from the respective control value (Tukey's pairwise comparison test).

Table 2 Effect of Gmelina. bark and fruit extracts in protecting liver cells from paraquat-induced cytotoxicity by ameliorating oxidative stress

				Paraquat^+
				Fruit extract			Bark extract
Units/100 mg tissue (wet wt.)	Control	Paraquat	Paraquat + AA	1%	5%	10%	1%	5%	10%
LDH	6 ± 1.2	35 ± 3.8	12 ± 3.7	14 ± 1.9	10 ± 2.1	6 ± 0.4	26 ± 3.5	7 ± 0.8	5 ± 0.1
SOD	19 ± 5.9	47 ± 4	27 ± 0.57	27 ± 1.2	21 ± 2.6	15 ± 2.0	32 ± 1.8	25 ± 0.7	15 ± 2.2
CAT	16 ± 4.3	38 ± 6.4	15 ± 1.4	18 ± 1.61	18 ± 1.8	10 ± 0.9	23 ± 1.9	17 ± 3.1	11 ± 1.0
GR	0.14 ± 0.02	0.25 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.02	0.08 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.003	0.16 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.09 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01

Cytotoxicity was assessed in terms of % lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released, and the response to oxidative stress was measured in terms of antioxidant enzyme activities. Ascorbic acid (AA) was used as a standard antioxidant to compare the effectiveness of the extracts. SOD, superoxide dismutase; CAT, catalase; and GR, glutathione reductase.

*These values differ significantly (p = 0.002) from the respective control value (Tukey's pairwise comparison test).

Figure 1 Antioxidant capacity of Gmelina arborea. fruit (FA) and bark (BA) aqueous extracts estimated by (A) ABTS, (B) DPPH, and (C) FRAP assays. Values are mean ± SE of five different estimations. The antioxidant activity is expressed as equivalent of concentration of water-soluble standard antioxidant ascorbic acid