Antispermatogenic Effects of Parkinsonia aculeata. Stembark in Male Rats

Figures & data

Table 1.. Effect of Parkinsonia aculeata. (stembark) on the body and organ weights.

		Organ weights (mg/100 g b.wt.)
Treatment	Final body weight (g)	Testes	Epididymides	Seminal vesicles	Ventral prostate
Group I (control)	220 ± 13.25	1184.20 ± 10.37	528.15 ± 10.70	656.83 ± 13.05	396.73 ± 10.58
Group II (P. aculeata. extract 50 mg/rat/day)	195 ± 7.85^ns	976.53 ± 5.82**	489.07 ± 8.20	558.78 ± 10.62	285.39 ± 5.87**
Group III (P. aculeata. extract 100 mg/rat/day)	190.05 ± 18.09^ns	670.81 ± 5.18**^aa.	436.90 ± 5.19**^a.	430.72 ± 8.57**^aa.	234.05 ± 3.51**^aa.
Group IV (P. aculeata. extract 200 mg/rat/day)	180.82 ± 20.53^ns	565.78 ± 3.76**^aa.^bb.	409.72 ± 7.38**^a.^b.	398.53 ± 6.21**^aa.^b.	210.58 ± 3.82**^a.^b.

All values are expressed as mean ± SE. ns, non-significant.

Levels of significance: *p < 0.01;

**p < 0.001 compared with group I.

^a.p < 0.01;

^aa.p < 0.001 compared with group II.

^b.p < 0.01 compared with group III.

Table 2.. Effect of Parkinsonia aculeata. (stembark) on sperm dynamics and fertility of male rats.

		Sperm density (million/mL)
Treatment	Sperm motility (cauda epididymides) (%)	Tests	Cauda epididymides	Fertility (%)	Testosterone (ng/dL)
Group I (control)	68.58 ± 3.78	6.67 ± 1.20	48.25 ± 2.69	100	4.32 ± 0.12
Group II (P. aculeata. extract 50 mg/rat/day)	59.23 ± 6.59^ns	4.68 ± 0.33^ns	26.83 ± 2.18	48	3.82 ± 0.10
Group III (P. aculeata. extract 100 mg/rat/day)	32.44 ± 2.07**^a.	2.25 ± 0.50^a.	10.25 ± 1.05**^aa.	0	2.03 ± 0.75
Group IV (P. aculeata. extract 200 mg/rat/day)	24.89 ± 1.23**^a.^b.	2.01 ± 0.23^aa.	7.58 ± 2.30**^aa.	0	1.96 ± 0.52^a.

All values are expressed as mean ± SE. ns, non-significant.

Levels of significance: *p < 0.01;

**p < 0.001 compared with group I.

^a.p < 0.01;

^aa.p < 0.001 compared with group II.

^b.p < 0.01 compared with group III.

Table 3.. Effect of Parkinsonia aculeata. (stembark) on biochemical parameters of male rats.

	Protein (mg/g)				Sialic acid (mg/g)				Glycogen (mg/g)	Cholesterol (mg/g)	Fructose (mg/g)
Treatment	Testes	Cauda epididymides	Seminal vesicles	Ventral prostate	Testes	Cauda epididymides	Seminal vesicles	Ventral prostate	Testes	Testes	Seminal vesicles
Group I (control)	240.56 ± 5.37	256.89 ± 4.69	225.43 ± 5.81	216.25 ± 2.56	5.38 ± 0.59	5.28 ± 0.18	5.20 ± 0.10	5.35 ± 0.08	2.86 ± 0.12	13.03 ± 1.05	5.87 ± 0.25
Group II (P. aculeata. extract 50 mg/ rat/day)	206.25 ± 8.12	223.47 ± 9.83	220.51 ± 5.03^ns	208.37 ± 3.81^ns	5.02 ± 0.12^ns	5.00 ± 0.32^ns	4.92 ± 0.03^ns	4.69 ± 0.21	2.25 ± 0.07	16.25 ± 2.15^ns	4.93 ± 0.46^ns
Group III (P. aculeata. extract 100 mg/ rat/day)	178.64 ± 3.00**^a.	195.00 ± 8.88**	170.45 ± 6.66**^a.	176.50 ± 6.50^a.	4.25 ± 0.06^a.	3.50 ± 0.07**^a.	4.05 ± 0.09**^aa.	3.63 ± 0.39	1.80 ± 0.03**^a.	17.99 ± 0.90	4.26 ± 0.11
Group IV (P. aculeata. extract 200 mg/ rat/day)	169.23 ± 2.58**^a.	173.85 ± 5.32**^a.	161.73 ± 4.53**^aa.	158.38 ± 2.53**^aa.	4.03 ± 0.03^a.^b.	3.01 ± 0.13**^a.^b.	3.52 ± 0.07**^aa.^b.	3.12 ± 0.54	1.51 ± 0.12**^a.	18.28 ± 2.51	3.66 ± 0.22**^a.

All values are expressed as mean ± SE. ns, non-significant.

Levels of significance: *p < 0.01;

**p < 0.001 compared with group I.

^a.p < 0.01;

^aa.p < 0.001 compared with group II.

^b.p < 0.01 compared with group III.

Table 4.. Effect of Parkinsonia aculeata. (stembark) on some components of blood and serum of male rats.

Treatment	RBC (million/mm^3)	WBC (/mm^3)	Hemoglobin (g/dL)	Hematocrit (%)	Blood sugar (mg/dL)	Protein (mg/dL)	Cholesterol (mg/dL)	Triglyceride (mg/dL)	Phospholipid (mg/dL)	HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)
Group I (control)	5.30 ± 0.20	8540 ± 70	14.15 ± 0.20	42.35 ± 0.35	90.98 ± 2.48	12,222.22 ± 358.3	105.51 ± 3.04	112.31 ± 5.50	105.05 ± 3.04	42.25 ± 2.30
Group II (P. aculeata. extract 50 mg/ rat/day)	5.42 ± 2.56^ns	8556 ± 80^ns	14.00 ± 0.32^ns	42.83 ± 0.83^ns	92.38 ± 1.32^ns	12,222.22 ± 375.8^ns	110.23 ± 7.82^ns	98.00 ± 8.58^ns	100.00 ± 5.36^ns	42.05 ± 1.80^ns
Group III (P. aculeata. extract 100 mg/ rat/day)	4.90 ± 0.10^ns	8350 ± 75^ns	13.10 ± 0.82^ns	36.70 ± 2.90^ns	82.80 ± 3.60^ns	12,333.32 ± 333.3^ns	118.18 ± 9.09^ns	102.00 ± 3.50^ns	96.58 ± 5.68^ns	39.80 ± 1.95^ns
Group IV (P. aculeata. extract 200 mg/ rat/day)	4.88 ± 0.30^ns	8450 ± 72^ns	14.16 ± 0.30^ns	44.50 ± 8.25^ns	86.79 ± 2.68^ns	12,222.22 ± 348.54^ns	120.25 ± 8.30^ns	95.34 ± 4.89^ns	95.52 ± 5.30^ns	37.56 ± 2.20^ns

All values are expressed as mean ± SE. ns, non-significant.

Table 5.. Effect of Parkinsonia aculeata. (stembark) on testicular cell population dynamics in male rats.

	Testicular cell counts (number/cross section)						Leydig cells
			Primary spermatocytes					Differential count (%)
Treatment	Sertoli cell	Spermatogonia	Preleptotene	Pachytene	Secondary spermatocytes	Seminiferous tubular diameter (µm)	Nuclear area (µm^2)	Fibroblast	Degenerating	Mature
Group I (control)	2.85 ± 0.25	7.05 ± 0.62	22.85 ± 2.11	35.80 ± 2.25	49.25 ± 4.05	250.00 ± 5.16	12.68 ± 2.00	23.20 ± 1.95	17.02 ± 0.52	59.18 ± 1.10
Group II (P. aculeata. extract 50 mg/ rat/day	2.61 ± 1.53^ns	5.73 ± 0.35^ns	14.72 ± 2.35	17.10 ± 3.53^ns	22.50 ± 2.56	220.50 ± 7.83	9.83 ± 1.57^ns	21.85 ± 5.23^ns	40.25 ± 2.39^ns	38.25 ± 3.65^ns
Group III (P. aculeata. extract 100 mg/ rat/day)	2.18 ± 0.15	4.72 ± 0.52	8.82 ± 0.22	8.19 ± 0.64**	16.70 ± 0.94**	148.30 ± 13.40^a.	7.56 ± 0.92^ns	19.61 ± 4.43^ns	46.67 ± 5.09**	32.32 ± 3.17**
Group IV (P. aculeata. extract 200 mg/rat/day)	2.00 ± 0.18	3.88 ± 0.10^a.^b.	6.85 ± 0.11^a.^b.	6.05 ± 0.38**^a.^b.	10.85 ± 1.80**^a.^b.	132.50 ± 4.28**^a.^b.	5.20 ± 1.03	18.50 ± 3.50^ns	52.83 ± 4.50**	22.25 ± 1.39**^a.^b.

All values are expressed as mean ± SE. ns, non-significant.

Level of significance: *p < 0.01;

**p < 0.001 compared with group I.

^a.p < 0.01;

^aa.p < 0.001 compared with group II.

^b.p < 0.01 compared with group III.