Ontogenetic and Seasonal Variation in the Flavonoid Composition of Sophora japonica. Cultivated in Bulgaria

Figures & data

Figure 1 Amount of rutin (mg/g) extracted from the whole inflorescences with different extraction methods: 1–3, extraction by refluxing with constant stirring at 90° (3 × 15 min); 4–5, ultrasonically assisted extraction at ambient temperature for 20 min; 6, extraction by shaking at ambient temperature for 12 h. Extraction solvents: 1, methanol; 2, 4, and 6, 70% ethanol; 3 and 5, 70% methanol. Rutin was quantified by HPLC. See text for chromatographic conditions.

Figure 2 HPLC chromatograms (A, detected at 254 nm; B, detected at 360 nm) of a flavonoid extract from Sophora japonica. fruits (stage 8). 1, genistin; 2, sophorabioside; 3, rutin; 4, kaempferol 3-rutinoside. See text for chromatographic conditions.

Figure 3 Accumulation of rutin (mg/g, mean values) during flower and fruit development in 2 years 2002 and 2003 (stages as described in “Plant material” section). Rutin was quantified by HPLC. See text for chromatographic conditions.

Table 1.. Content of the flavonoids (mg/g) in Sophora japonica. during the different stages for 2 years (2002–2003)

	Rutin		Kaempferol 3-rutinoside		Genistin^a.		Sophorabioside^a.
Stage	2002	2003	2002	2003	2002	2003	2002	2003
1	287.4 ± 12.1	266.9 ± 11.2	4.6 ± 0.3	4.3 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.3	2.3 ± 0.1
2	266.5 ± 6.0	234.9 ± 4.9	4.2 ± 0.2	4.1 ± 0.1	1.9 ± 0.1	1.8 ± 0.2	4.6 ± 0.6	4.1 ± 0.6
3	238.4 ± 12.9	234.3 ± 1.3	4.1 ± 0.1	4.1 ± 0.1	2.4 ± 0.2	2.5 ± 0.1	4.2 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.2
4	205.3 ± 34.7	234.6 ± 1.2	4.0 ± 0.8	4.8 ± 0.6	3.4 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 0.5	3.3 ± 0.1	3.8 ± 0.5
5	204.7 ± 15.1	211.2 ± 3.1	4.0 ± 0.3	4.0 ± 0.2	4.2 ± 0.8	4.4 ± 0.7	3.7 ± 0.3	3.7 ± 0.1
6	191.9 ± 2.0	199.5 ± 1.8	4.4 ± 0.1	4.2 ± 0.2	3.6 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.2	2.3 ± 0.03	2.4 ± 0.2
7	146.2 ± 4.3	145.9 ± 11.1	22.1 ± 1.6	19.2 ± 4.2	1.7 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.05	0.4 ± 0.1
8	90.8 ± 9.6	81.6 ± 4.0	61.6 ± 3.6	64.8 ± 2.7	23.9 ± 3.8	22.5 ± 5.0	47.8 ± 9.2	50.8 ± 11.6
9	46.6 ± 2.1	44.5 ± 1.5	46.9 ± 3.3	44.1 ± 3.9	24.7 ± 2.2	23.2 ± 2.4	64.7 ± 5.4	60.6 ± 6.9

^a.Relative amounts determined using calibration curve for rutin.

Figure 4 Accumulation of rutin in the whole inflorescences (mg/g, mean values) during seasonal development. Rutin was quantified by HPLC. See text for chromatographic conditions.

Table 2.. Content of rutin (mg/g) in whole inflorescences over the monitoring period (July 17, 2002 to September 19, 2002)

Data	Rutin
17.07	166.9 ± 9.4
23.07	131.5 ± 6.2
28.07	132.3 ± 3.0
2.08	147.9 ± 3.3
8.08	126.3 ± 3.3
13.08	132.2 ± 5.5
28.08	63.1 ± 7.2
7.09	48.0 ± 2.9
19.09	28.8 ± 2.2

Figure 5 Accumulation of sophorabioside, genistin, and kaempferol 3-rutinoside (mg/g, mean values) during flower and fruit development for 2002 (stages as described in “Plant material” section). Flavonoid glycosides were quantified by HPLC. See text for chromatographic conditions.

Figure 6 HPLC chromatograms (detected at 254 nm) of flavonoid extracts from Sophora japonica.: (A) flower buds, stage 1; (B) flowers, stage 7; (C) fruits, stage 9 (for flavonoid numbering, see Fig. 2). Stages are as described in the “Plant material” section. See text for chromatographic conditions.