Herbal Medicines: Cytotoxic Effects of Chenopodiaceae Species Used in Argentinian Folk Medicine

Figures & data

Figure 1 Different states of the Argentinian country where specimens were collected.

Table 1.. Species of Chenopodiaceae family evaluated (characteristics and place of origin)

Plant^a.	Collection characteristics
Chenopodium ambrosioides.
A.	Tigre, “La Flora” Island (near Luján River), Gurni, s.n., III-1997.
B.	State of Buenos Aires, San Isidro (a), Gurni, s.n.; IV-1997.
C.	State of Buenos Aires, San Isidro (b), Gurni, s.n.; IV-1997.
D.	State of Buenos Aires, Municipio Urbano de la Costa, Santa Teresita, Gurni, s.n., IV-1999
E.	Capital Federal (a), Gurni, s.n., V-1999.
F.	Capital Federal (b), Gurni, s.n., V-1999.
G.	State of Buenos Aires, Núñez, Ciudad Universitaria, Gurni, s.n., IX-1999.
H.	State of Mendoza, Malargüe Dept., Malargüe, Gurni, s.n., III-1998.
I.	State of Jujuy, San Salvador de Jujuy Dept., Ciudad Nieva, Gurni, s.n., III-1999.
Chenopodium multifidum.
J.	State of Chubut, Comodoro Rivadavia, Gurni & Gratti,s.n., III-1996.
K.	State of Chubut, Comodoro Rivadavia, Rada-Tilly (a), Gratti, s.n., 31-I-1999.
L.	State of Chubut, Comodoro Rivadavia, Rada-Tilly (b), Gratti, s.n., 27-III-1999.
Chenopodium album.
M.	State of Buenos Aires, San Isidro Dept., Las Barrancas, Gurni, s.n.; IV-1999.
	As this is a nonaromatic species, it was used as negative control of the essential oil of the Chenopodiaceae family.

^aSites are designated in Figure 1.

Table 2.. Mitotic index in lymphocyte cell cultures exposed to infusion of C. ambrosioides.

	Mitotic index (%)
	Negative control of extract	1 µg/mL	10 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	1000 µg/mL
C. album. (Negative control essential oil)	5.32±0.25	4.69±0.12	4.89±0.12	4.t3±0.18	4.70±0.62
C. ambrosioides.
A.	5.04±0.13	4.23±0.12^a.	4.51±0.17^a.	4.32±0.14^a.	3.96±0.15^a.
B.	4.95±0.35	4.39±0.32^b.	3.84±0.29^b.	3.18±0.36^b.	2.75±0.36^b.
C.	5.32±0.25	4.58±0.11^a.	3.40±0.30^a.	2.74±0.10^a.	2.13±0.24^a.
D.	5.54±0.18	4.43±0.12^a.	3.55±0.25^a.	2.81±0.22^a.	2.10±0.26^a.
E.	4.70±0.11	3.97±0.22^a.	3.10±0.27^a.	2.30±0.11^a.	1.55±0.10^a.
F.	4.70±0.11	3.72±0.21^a.	3.27±0.37^a.	2.56±0.26^a.	1.67±0.17^a.
G.	4.70±0.11	3.50±0.13^a.	3.07±0.24^a.	2.65±0.24^a.	2.17±0.21^a.
H.	4.84±0.32	3.84±0.26^a.	3.42±0.30^a.	2.53±0.11^a.	2.53±0.22^a.
I.	4.90±0.35	4.13±0.22^a.	4.28±0.18^a.	3.17±0.20^a.	1.85±0.18^a.

^a.p < 0.0001.

^b.p < 0.005.

Table 3.. Mitotic index in lymphocyte cell cultures exposed to infusion of C. multifidum.

	Mitotic index (%)
	Negative control of extract	1 µg/mL	10 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	1000 µg/mL
C. album. (Negative control essential oil)	5.32±0.25	4.69±0.12	4.89±0.12	4.13±0.18	4.70±0.62
C. multifidum.
J.	6.28±0.51	5.88±0.47^c.	5.05±0.79^c.	4.91±0.91^c.	3.92±0.66^c.
K.	4.90±0.35	5.07±0.29^b.	4.13±0.31^b.	2.87±0.20^b.	2.02±0.88^b.
L.	4.90±0.35	4.90±0.35^a.	4.47±0.43^a.	2.95±0.13^a.	1.93±0.16^a.

^a.p < 0.0001.

^b.p < 0.0005.

^c.p < 0.01.

Table 4.. Mitotic index in lymphocyte cell cultures exposed to decoction of C. ambrosioides.

	Mitotic index (%)
	Negative control of extract	1 µg/mL	10 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	1000 µg/mL
C. album. (Negative control essential oil)	5.55±0.18	5.27±0.17	5.21±0.06	5.09±0.22	5.06±0.04
C. ambrosioides.
A.	5.05±0.13	3.66±0.25^a.	3.19±0.10^a.	3.15±0.24^a.	2.23±0.19^a.
B.	5.23±0.30	4.38±0.18^c.	3.59±0.29^c.	3.30±0.06^c.	3.23±0.21^c.
C.	5.53±0.18	4.89±0.30^a.	3.91±0.43^a.	2.61±0.27^a.	2.03±0.18^a.
D.	5.53±0.18	4.49±0.24^a.	3.71±0.22^a.	2.84±0.35^a.	2.31±0.05^a.
E.	4.70±0.11	3.59±0.19^a.	3.15±0.24^a.	2.90±0.20^a.	2.13±0.12^a.
F.	4.70±0.11	4.33±0.13^a.	3.70±0.04^a.	2.80±0.08^a.	1.76±0.14^a.
G.	4.70±0.11	3.83±0.02^a.	3.17±0.12^a.	2.33±0.15^a.	2.00±0.14^a.
H.	4.95±0.35	3.60±0.18^b.	3.37±0.18^b.	3.24±0.24^b.	2.94±0.19^b.
I.	4.90±0.35	4.10±0.11^a.	3.31±0.10^a.	2.56±0.09^a.	1.60±0.29^a.

^a.p < 0.0001.

^b.p < 0.001.

^c.p < 0.01.

Table 5.. Mitotic index in lymphocyte cell cultures exposed to decoction of C. multifidum.

	Mitotic index (%)
	Negative control of extract	1 µg/mL	10 µg/mL	100 µg/mL	1000 µg/mL
C. album. (Negative control essential oil)	5.55±0.18	5.27±0.17	5.21±0.06	5.09±0.22	5.06±0.04
C. multifidum.
J.	6.40±0.20	6.01±0.60^a.	5.06±0.72^a.	4.62±0.77^a.	3.82±0.53^a.
K.	4.90±0.35	4.70±0.12^a.	4.00±0.64^a.	2.74±0.09^a.	1.43±0.12^a.
L.	4.90±0.35	4.80±0.08^a.	3.45±0.06^a.	2.88±0.16^a.	1.79±0.29^a.

^a.p. < 0.0001.