Evaluation of Moringa oleifera Aqueous Extract for Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities in Animal Models

Figures & data

Table 1.  Effect of the M. oleifera aqueous extract on acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice.

	Dose (mg/kg; i.p.)	No. of writhings	Inhibition %
Control (NaCl)	—	27.3 ± 1.0
M. oleifera aqueous extract	10	14.2 ± 1.4*	48.0
	30	10.2 ± 0.9*	62.6
	100	1.8 ± 0.8*	93.4
M. pterygosperma aqueous extract (100 mg/kg, i.p.) + naloxone (5 mg/kg, i.p.)	—	2.0 ± 0.7*	92.7
Acetylsalicylic acid	100	9.7 ± 0.5*	64.5

N = 6. Values are mean ± Standard error of the mean (SEM). *P < 0.05 significantly different from control.

Table 2.  Effect of M. oleifera aqueous extract on the hot-plate test in mice.

		Latency time (min)
	Dose (mg/kg)	0	30	60	90	120	150	180	210	240
Control (NaCl)	—	4.6 ± 0.2	5.4 ± 0.4	5.4 ± 0.6	4.8 ± 0.5	5.6 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.4	5.7 ± 0.8	5.4 ± 0.7	6.3 ± 0.5
M. oleifera aqueous	10	4.9 ± 0.1	6.7 ± 0.3	6.2 ± 0.3	6.2 ± 0.9	6.3 ± 0.4	6.2 ± 0.5*	6.7 ± 0.4	6.7 ± 0.4	6.0 ± 0.3
extract	30	4.7 ± 0.2	6.4 ± 0.5	7.5 ± 0.6*	7.1 ± 0.6	7.4 ± 0.5*	7.5 ± 0.5*	7.0 ± 0.6	7.7 ± 0.8*	7.5 ± 0.6
	100	5.5 ± 0.2*	10.6 ± 0.4*	10.7 ± 0.4*	11.1 ± 0.2*	10.7 ± 0.5*	11.4 ± 0.3*	10.8 ± 0.2*	11.0 ± 0.1*	10.3 ± 0.2*
M. oleifera aqueous extract (100 mg/kg) + naloxone (5 mg/kg)	—	5.1 ± 0.3	8.3 ± 0.3*	8.4 ± 0.1*	7.7 ± 0.2*	7.4 ± 0.1*	8.0 ± 0.3*	8.1 ± 0.3*	8.1 ± 0.2*	8.3 ± 0.2*
Morphine	5	5.52 ± 0.4*	10.21 ± 1.2*	12.39 ± 2.2*	12.30 ± 1.2*	10.98 ± 1.4*	10.45 ± 1.2*	9.83 ± 1.3*	8.92 ± 1.5*	9.46 ± 1.6*
Morphine + naloxone		5.73 ± 0.4*	5.61 ± 0.4*	5.78 ± 0.6*	5.51 ± 1.1*	5.54 ± 1.0*	5.42 ± 0.5*	5.57 ± 0.4*	5.39 ± 0.8*	5.50 ± 1.3*

N = 6. Values are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 significantly different from control.

Table 3.  Effect of M. oleifera aqueous extract in the early and late phases of the formalin test in mice.

		Licking time (sec)		Inhibition %
	Dose (mg/kg	Early phase	Late phase	Early phase	Late phase
Control (NaCl)	—	92.4 ± 7.3	57.6 ± 2.3
M. oleifera aqueous extract	10	47.3 ± 10.6*	46.4 ± 11.0*	48.8	19.4
	30	38.6 ± 0.5*	1.6 ± 1.6*	58.2	97.2
	100	18.9 ± 4.9*	0.0 ± 0.0	79.5	100.0
Acetylsalicylic acid	100	88.0 ± 3.1*	3.2 ± 0.6*	4.8	94.4
Morphine	5	16.22 ± 0.9*	4.85 ± 0.7*	82.4	91.6

N = 6. Values are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 significantly different from control.

Table 4.  Effect of M. oleifera aqueous extract on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

		Paw volume (ml)
	Dose (mg/kg)	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h	5 h
Control (NaCl)	—	0.42 ± 0.07	0.63 ± 0.07	0.86 ± 0.03	0.86 ± 0.11	0.90 ± 0.11
M. oleifera aqueous extract	10	0.10 ± 0.01*	0.20 ± 0.01*	0.29 ± 0.01*	0.34 ± 0.01*	0.38 ± 0.01*
	30	0.10 ± 0.00*	0.17 ± 0.01*	0.27 ± 0.01*	0.33 ± 0.01*	0.29 ± 0.01*
	100	0.10 ± 0.01*	0.14 ± 0.01*	0.21 ± 0.02*	0.25 ± 0.01*	0.21 ± 0.01*
Ibuprofen	100	0.10 ± 0.01*	0.12 ± 0.01*	0.15 ± 0.01*	0.10 ± 0.02*	0.11 ± 0.02*

N = 6. Values are mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 significantly different from control.

Table 5.  Percentage of inhibition of edema volume by M. oleiferra aqueous extract and ibuprofen.

		percnt; of inhibition
	Dose (mg/kg)	1 h	2 h	3 h	4 h	5 h
M. oleifera aqueous	10	76.2	52.3	31.0	19.0	9.5
extract	30	76.2	59.5	35.7	21.4	31.0
	100	76.2	66.7	50.0	40.5	50.0
Ibuprofen	100	76.2	81.0	82.6	88.4	87.78