Figures & data
Figure 1. Methods used for assessment of COX-2 activities in plant extracts using traditional enzyme assays and COX-2 PUF assay.
Figure 2. Schematic presentation of PUF-LC-MS assay.
Table 1. Minimum inhibitory concentration of a methanol extract of cranberry in two clinical E. coli strains. All experiments were performed in triplicate.
Table 2. Effect of various cranberry extracts on COX-2 activity in vitro. All experiments were performed in triplicate.
Figure 3. Structure of ursolic acid derivatives inhibiting COX-2 as determined using the COX-2 PUF-LC-MS assay.
Figure 4. Cranberry extract (CRME) inhibits NF-κB-dependent transcriptional activities. CRME extract inhibited TNF-induced NF-κB activation in stably transfected human T lymphocytes 5.1 cells as assessed by a reporter gene assay. The luciferase activity was measured after 6 h and expressed as TNF induction = 100%. Values are means of ± SD of three independent experiments in triplicate.
Figure 5. Cranberry extract inhibited cytokine release in human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Cells were stimulated with E. coli LPS (25 ng/mL) for 6–16 h in the presence or absence of cranberry extract (0-100 μg/mL). Data are expressed as the percentage of cytokines accumulated in the supernatant of LPS-induced PMNs (100%) and represent the means ± SEM of at least three experiments in triplicate. P < 0.001 represents a significant difference compared to the values seen in the LPS-activated cells
