Figures & data
Figure 1. Chemical structures of atractylenolide I, II, III, ferulic acid, levistolid A, and pachymic acid.
![Figure 1. Chemical structures of atractylenolide I, II, III, ferulic acid, levistolid A, and pachymic acid.](/cms/asset/312bef9d-c759-42f8-a86a-02a53897a4e7/iphb_a_391512_f0001_b.gif)
Figure 2. Effects of FBD, FBD-CO2 and FBD-H2O on brain infarction and circulating NSE efflux in ICR mice subjected to cerebral repetitive I/R. Each column represents mean ± SD of 6 mice. NSE, neuron specific enolase; I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 vs the sham-operated group; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs the saline-pretreated I/R group.
![Figure 2. Effects of FBD, FBD-CO2 and FBD-H2O on brain infarction and circulating NSE efflux in ICR mice subjected to cerebral repetitive I/R. Each column represents mean ± SD of 6 mice. NSE, neuron specific enolase; I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 vs the sham-operated group; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs the saline-pretreated I/R group.](/cms/asset/e5f421b9-a2b2-4a03-b93c-c6d702caca91/iphb_a_391512_f0002_b.gif)
Figure 3. Neuroprotective activities of atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, levistolid A, ferulic acid from FBD-CO2 on PC12 cells I/R-like insults. Each dot represents mean ± SD of 6 wells. I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs the vechicle-treated PC12 cells.
![Figure 3. Neuroprotective activities of atractylenolide II, atractylenolide III, levistolid A, ferulic acid from FBD-CO2 on PC12 cells I/R-like insults. Each dot represents mean ± SD of 6 wells. I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs the vechicle-treated PC12 cells.](/cms/asset/f59e632e-aed0-47da-95ce-d2942f9611da/iphb_a_391512_f0003_b.gif)
Figure 4. Neuroprotective activities of atractylenolide I, II, III, levistolid A, ferulic acid and pachymic acid combination on PC12 cells I/R-like insults. Values are means ± SD of three different experiments. The A570/650 in control was 0.64 ± 0.02. I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; Ctl, Control; Vh, vehicle; Com, Combination; CO2, FBD-CO2; VE, Vitamin E; ##p < 0.01 vs the control (Ctl); **p<0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs the vehicle (Vh)-treated cells; ††p < 0.01 vs the FBD-CO2-treated cells.
![Figure 4. Neuroprotective activities of atractylenolide I, II, III, levistolid A, ferulic acid and pachymic acid combination on PC12 cells I/R-like insults. Values are means ± SD of three different experiments. The A570/650 in control was 0.64 ± 0.02. I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; Ctl, Control; Vh, vehicle; Com, Combination; CO2, FBD-CO2; VE, Vitamin E; ##p < 0.01 vs the control (Ctl); **p<0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs the vehicle (Vh)-treated cells; ††p < 0.01 vs the FBD-CO2-treated cells.](/cms/asset/db308ad5-8072-4d95-86f0-1478d3642dd9/iphb_a_391512_f0004_b.gif)
Table 1. Neuroprotections (%) of atractylenolide I,II, III, levistolid A, ferulic acid and pachymic acid alone or in combination on PC12 cells I/R-like insults induced by Na2S2O4, MSG, H2O2 and KCl in assay I–IV in vitro.
Figure 5. Effects of FBD-CO2 and its six compounds combination on brain infarction and circulating NSE efflux in ICR mice subjected to cerebral repetitive I/R. Each column represents mean ± SD of 6 mice. NSE, neuron specific enolase; I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 vs the sham-operated group; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs the saline-pretreated I/R group.
![Figure 5. Effects of FBD-CO2 and its six compounds combination on brain infarction and circulating NSE efflux in ICR mice subjected to cerebral repetitive I/R. Each column represents mean ± SD of 6 mice. NSE, neuron specific enolase; I/R, ischemia-reperfusion; #p<0.05, ##p<0.01 vs the sham-operated group; *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs the saline-pretreated I/R group.](/cms/asset/fc84260d-ae54-454c-99d1-7c4edc1d08d1/iphb_a_391512_f0005_b.gif)