Secondary metabolites of Hypericum scabrum and Hypericum bupleuroides

Figures & data

Figure 1.  Typical chromatogram of H. bupleuroides flower extract obtained by HPLC separation at 270 nm. Peak identified: 1 –hyperforin.

Figure 2.  Typical chromatograms of Hypericum scabrum (A) and H. bupleuroides (B) flower extracts obtained by HPLC separation at 590 nm. Peak identified: 1–pseudohypericin, 2–hypericin.

Figure 3.  Typical chromatograms of Hypericum scabrum (A) and H. bupleuroides (B) flower extracts obtained by HPLC separation at 360 nm. Peak identified: 1–chlorogenic acid, 2–rutin, 3–hyperoside, 4–apigenin-7-O-glucoside, 5–quercitrin, 6–quercetin, 7–kaempferol, 8–amentoflavone.

Table 1.  Secondary metabolite concentrations in stem, leaf and flower of Hypericum scabrum and H. bupleuroides (mg/g DW). Data are means of three extracts prepared from a pooled sample of 30 plants for each species.

	Hypericum scabrum			Hypericum bupleuroides
Compounds	Stem	Leaf	Flower	Stem	Leaf	Flower
Hyperforin	0	0	0	0	0	0.451
Hypericin	0	0	0.071	0	0	0.352
Pseudohypericin	0	0	0.191	0	0	0.073
Chlorogenic Acid	0.038	1.01	0.170	0.306	1.300	5.608
Rutin	0.007	1.880	0.749	0.058	0.028	0.141
Hyperoside	0.408	1.480	1.123	2.827	4.519	7.386
Apigenin-7-O-glucoside	0.104	1.347	0.073	0.099	0.285	1.948
Kaempferol	0.048	0.179	0.649	0.134	0.268	0.693
Quercitrin	0.002	0.003	0.014	0.006	0.005	0.014
Quercetin	0.233	1.202	0.672	0.102	1.362	1.799
Amentoflavone	0	0.003	0.044	0	0.003	0.054

Table 2.  Comparison of the contents of secondary metabolites (mg/g DW) in H. scabrum, H. bupleuroides (this study) and H. perforatum (compiled from various sources).

Compounds	H. scabrum	H. bupleuroides	H. perforatum	References*
Hyperforin	0**	0-0.451	8.35-150	1-3
Hypericin	0-0.071	0-0.352	0.01-2.37	4-7
Pseudo-hypericin	0-0.191	0-0.073	0.05-1.24	8
Chlorogenic acid	0.038-1.01	0.306-5.608	1.11-2.19	2
Rutin	0.007-1.880	0.028-0.141	0.19-34.71	9, 10
Hyperoside	0.408-1.480	2.827-7.386	2.07-7.69	2
Apigenin-7-O-glucoside	0.073-1.347	0.099-1.948	0.05-0.2	11
Quercitrin	0.002-0.014	0.005-0.014	0.05-4.77	9, 10
Quercetin	0.233-1.202	0.102-1.799	0.05-24.12	9, 10
Kaempferol	0.048-0.649	0.134-0.693	-	No previous report
Amentoflavone	0-0.044	0-0.054	0.001-0.005	3

*References: ¹Kirakosyan et al., (2003); ²Maggi et al., (2004); ³Greeson et al., (2001); ⁴Walker et al., (2001); ⁵Sirvent et al., (2002); ⁶Southwell and Bourke (2001); ⁷Çırak et al., (2006); ⁸Ayan and Çırak (2008); ⁹Radusiene et al., (2004); ¹⁰Martonfi and Repçak (1994); ¹¹Çırak et al., (2007b)

**Data for H. scabrum, H. bupleuroides are the lowest and highest levels of the corresponding compounds observed in the present study.

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