Antifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark

Figures & data

Table 1.  Phytochemical investigations of acetone extract of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark.

Spray reagents	Observation	Compounds
1% ethanol Vanillin + 10% ethanol sulfuric acid	Red-orange-colored zones at 254 nm	Anthraquinones
	Invisible spot turned purple/grey	Terpenoids
5% ethanol KOH	Appearance of red-colored zones at 254, 366 nm	Anthraquinones
	Appearance of white-yellow-colored zones at 254, 366 nm	Anthrones
	Appearance of blue-colored zones at 366 nm	Coumarins

Figure 1.  The percentage yields of different extracts of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark.

Figure 2.  TLC Finger-print chromatogram developed in benzene: ethanol:ammonia hydroxide (BEA)/(90:10:1) and ethyl acetate: methanol:water (EMW)/(40:5.4:4) dried, sprayed with vanillin and heated at 110°C. The different colors denote various compounds. Lanes from left to right are hexane, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and dichloromethane extracts.

Figure 3.  Bioautogram of different extracts of H. madagascariensis stem bark. TLC chromatogram developed in benzene:ethanol: ammonia hydroxide(BEA)/(90:10:1)/ (non-polar/basic) dried, sprayed with S. aureus cell suspension, incubated and sprayed with INT. Colorless areas denote inhibition of bacterial growth. Lanes from left to right are hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts.

Table 2.  The mean MIC values of seven different extracts of Harungana madagascariensis stem bark (mg/mL) and Amphotericin B (μg/mL) and the total activity (TA) of the extracts (ml)on fungi pathogens (n = 3).

Extracts/ time	mg of extract yield/g	Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts (mg/mL) and Amphotericin B (μg /mL) and the total activity (TA) of the extracts (mL) against three fungi pathogens												Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts (mg/mL) and Amphotericin B (μg/mL) and the total activity (TA) of the extracts (mL) against two fungi pathogens
		Microsporum canis				Cryptococcus neoformans				Candida albicans				Sporotrichum schenckii				Aspergillus fumigatus
		MIC at 48 h	TA	MIC at 72 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA	MIC at 48 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA	MIC at 48 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA	MIC at 48 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA	MIC at 48 h	TA
H	24	0.05	480	0.15	160	0.15	160	0.31	160	0.62	80	1.25	40	0.62	80	1.25	40	0.62	80	1.25	40
D	52.4	0.08	655	0.15	336	0.31	169	0.31	169	0.15	336	0.62	85	0.31	169	0.62	85	0.62	85	0.62	85
C	58	0.08	725	0.15	372	0.31	186	0.31	186	0.15	372	0.62	93	0.62	93	0.62	93	0.62	93	0.62	93
E	51	0.31	165	0.31	165	0.31	165	0.62	83	0.15	330	0.62	83	0.62	83	0.62	83	0.31	165	0.62	83
A	104	0.04	2600	0.15	667	0.15	667	0.15	667	0.08	1300	0.15	667	0.04	2600	0.15	667	0.15	667	0.31	334
M	110.8	0.15	739	0.31	369	1.25	89	1.25	89	2.5	45	2.5	45	1.25	89	0.62	185	1.25	89	2.5	45
W	18	0.31	58	0.62	29	1.25	15	0.62	29	2.5	7	0.62	29	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7
Ampho- tericin B	-	0.25	-	0.62	-	1	-	0.25	-	0.0625	-	0.25	-	1	-	0.062	-	0.5	-	0.25	-
Control	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-

Table 3.  The mean MIC values of seven different extracts of H. madagascariensis stem bark (mg/mL) and Gentamicin (μg/mL) and the total activity (TA) of the extracts (mL) on bacteria pathogens (n = 3).

Extracts/ time	Mg of extract yield/g	Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts (mg/mL) and Gentamicin (μg /mL) and the total activity (TA) of the extracts (mL) against two bacteria pathogens												Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of extracts (mg/mL) and Gentamicin (μg /ml) and the total activity (TA) of the extracts (mL) against two bacteria pathogens
		Staphylococcus aureus						Escherichia coli						Enterococcus faecalis						Pseudomonas aeruginosa
		MIC at 1 h	TA	MIC at 2 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA	MIC at 1 h	TA	MIC at 2 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA	MIC at 1 h	TA	MIC at 2 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA	MIC at 1 h	TA	MIC at 2 h	TA	MIC at 24 h	TA
H	24	0.2	120	0.62	80	0.62	80	0.62	80	1.25	40	2.5	20	0.62	80	1.25	40	1.25	40	1.25	40	2.5	20	2.5	20
D	52.4	0.15	336	0.15	336	0.62	85	0.15	336	0.83	631	1.25	42	0.15	336	0.15	336	0.31	168	0.31	168	0.31	168	0.62	84
C	58	0.15	372	0.15	372	0.62	93	0.62	93	0.62	93	1.25	46	0.15	372	0.15	372	0.31	186	0.15	372	0.15	372	0.31	186
E	51	0.15	330	0.31	165	0.62	83	0.31	165	0.62	83	1.25	42	0.15	330	0.15	330	0.62	165	0.31	330	0.31	330	0.31	330
A	104	0.31	334	0.62	167	1.25	84	0.62	167	0.62	167	0.62	167	0.31	334	0.31	334	0.62	167	0.62	167	0.31	334	0.62	167
M	110.8	0.20	554	0.31	369	2.5	45	0.15	739	0.62	185	2.5	45	0.62	185	0.31	369	2.5	45	0.62	185	0.31	369	2.5	45
W	18	1.25	15	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7	2.5	7
Genta- micin	-	0.02	-	0.02	-	0.08	-	0.04	-	0.02	-	0.08	-	0.04	-	0.04	-	0.08	-	0.08	-	0.08	-	0.62	-
Control	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-	2.5	-