Evaluation of seasonal changes of triterpenic acid contents in Viscum album from different host trees

Figures & data

Table 1. Host of V. album L. ssp. album, sites and localities.

Sample no.	Host	Family	Site	Coordinates
1.	Robinia pseudoacacia L.	Leguminosae	Tychowo (forest)	53°90N, 16°28E
2.	Sorbus aucuparia L.	Rosaceae	Tychowo (roadsite)	53°93N, 16°26E
3.	Betula pendula Roth	Betulaceae	Tychowo (forest)	53°91N, 16°29E
4.	Tilia cordata Mill.	Malvaceae	Buchałowice (garden)	51°34N, 22°17E
5.	Malus ‘Jonathan’	Rosaceae	Lublin (Botanical garden)	51°26N, 22°51E
6.	Populus nigra L.	Salicaceae	Krosinko (forest)	53°91N, 16°27E
7.	Pinus sylvestris L.	Pinaceae	Górna Owczarnia (forest)	51°11N, 21°98E

Figure 1. 2D and 3D chromatograms of extracts from V. album (host Malus ‘Jonathan’) harvested in different seasons. Line 1-standards of oleanolic (OA) and betulinic acid (BA); line 2-spring; line 3-summer; line 4-autumn; line 5-winter.

Table 2. Validation data obtained for quantification of triterpenic acids.

Compound	Concentration range (mg/mL)	Correlation coefficient (r)	Regression equation	Precision (% RSD)	Recovery (%)
BA	0.01–0.5	.9998	y = 62898x + 17711	0.41–1.11	97.3–98.9
OA	0.2–1.5	.9999	y = 55925x + 126773	0.37–0.95	98.3–99.4

Table 3. Changes in the oleanolic acid content in V. album from different host depending on seasons (mg/g ± SD).

Host	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
R. pseudoacacia L.	4.411 ± 0.254^k	9.017 ± 0.549^h,i,j	7.794 ± 0.311^e,f,g	7.091 ± 0.418^c,d
S. aucuparia L.	6.216 ± 0.362^a,b	8.106 ± 0.484^f,g	7.134 ± 0.344^c,d	7.211 ± 0.427^c,d,e
B. pendula Roth	5.281 ± 0.101^l	6.836 ± 0.402^b,c,d	6.412 ± 0.415^a,b,c	6.776 ± 0.392^b,c,d
T. cordata Mill.	6.954 ± 0.401^b,c,d	8.509 ± 0.505^g,h,i	7.175 ± 0.550^c,d,e	8.615 ± 0.518^g,h,i
M. ‘Jonathan’	5.799 ± 0.342^a	10.758 ± 0.614^j	9.562 ± 0.408^j	5.591 ± 0.320^a
P. nigra L.	6.049 ± 0.329^a	13.654 ± 0.808^m	6.731 ± 0.380^b,c,d,f	7.480 ± 0.449^d,e,f
P. sylvestris L.	9.83 ± 0.541^j,h	8.205 ± 0.471^f,g,h	9.318 ± 0.469^i,j	12.161 ± 0.612^n

The significances of differences were examined using Fisher’s test (p < .05). The data followed by the same letters are not significantly different.

Table 4. Changes in the betulinic acid content in V. album from different host depending on seasons (mg/g ± SD).

Host	Spring	Summer	Autumn	Winter
R. pseudoacacia L.	0.384 ± 0.048^a,b	0.896 ± 0.111^f,g,h	1.098 ± 0.126^h,i,j	0.404 ± 0.052^a,b,c
S. aucuparia L.	0.362 ± 0.049^a	0.914 ± 0.101^f,g,h	0.494 ± 0.064^b,c,d	0.922 ± 0.131^f,g,h,i
B. pendula Roth	0.750 ± 0.098^e,f	1.137 ± 0.141^h,i,j,k	0.982 ± 0.122^g,h,i	0.905 ± 0.124^f,g,h,i
T. cordata Mill.	1.185 ± 0.138^i,j,k	1.370 ± 0.160^k,l	1.567 ± 0.181^l	1.098 ± 0.121^h,i,j
M. ‘Jonathan’	0.825 ± 0.102^e,f,g	1.302 ± 0.166^j,k,l	0.773 ± 0.092^e,f	0.431 ± 0.052^a,b,c
P. nigra L.	0.374 ± 0.046^a	1.405 ± 0.179^k,l	0.555 ± 0.070^d	0.509 ± 0.063^c,d
P. sylvestris L.	2.111 ± 0.270^m	0.676 ± 0.062^e	0.929 ± 0.105^f,g	2.125 ± 0.26^m

The significances of differences were examined using Fisher’s test (p < .05). The data followed by the same letters are not significantly different.