Effects of naringin on physical fatigue and serum MMP-9 concentration in female rats

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of Nar on body weights of rats.

Groups	Initial (g)	Final (g)
Control	201 ± 5.17	205 ± 4.43
Vehicle	207.75 ± 8.52	214.87 ± 7.15
Nar-40	201.85 ± 8.4	204.85 ± 8.47
Nar-80	196.85 ± 5.97	200.14 ± 7.4
Nar-160	204.71 ± 6.53	207.71 ± 8.73

Data are expressed as mean ± S.E.M (n = 10).

Figure 1. Effect of Nar on swimming time to exhaustion. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM, (n = 10). ***p < 0.001 when compared with other groups and *p < 0.05 Control group.

Table 2. Effect of Nar on serum biochemical parameters.

Parameters control	Vehicle	Nar-40	Nar-80	Nar-160
AST (U/L) 186 ± 16	181 ± 17	170 ± 26	227 ± 31	208 ± 14
ALT (U/L) 116 ± 11	113 ± 11	113 ± 7	103 ± 20	101 ± 28
ALP (U/L) 384 ± 48	387 ± 50	431 ± 40	317 ± 36	388 ± 34
CK (U/L) 3009 ± 318	3131 ± 469	2440 ± 598	2557 ± 666	3035 ± 570
LDH (U/L) 2253 ± 171	2095 ± 135	1797 ± 128	891 ± 35^a	1955 ± 175
Urea (mg/dL) 56 ± 1	54 ± 1	55 ± 3	46 ± 3	51 ± 1
Glucose (mg/dL) 111 ± 5	112 ± 2	126 ± 7	138 ± 3^b	136 ± 3^b
Albumin (g/dL) 3.8 ± 0.0	3.8 ± 0.0	3.9 ± 0.1	4 ± 0.0	3.8 ± 0.0
TBIL (μg/dL) 273 ± 2 0	262 ± 18	214 ± 14	257 ± 20	217 ± 37
DBIL (μg/dL) 107 ± 4	112 ± 12	100 ± 0.0	128 ± 18	100 ± 0.0
BUN (mg/dL) 26 ± 0.7	25 ± 0.7	25 ± 1	21 ± 1	23 ± 1
CR (mg/dL) 0.64 ± 0.03	0.66 ± 0.02	0.71 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.02	0.62 ± 0.02
UA (mg/dL) 2 ± 0.3	1.91 ± 0.11	1.75 ± 0.05	1.87 ± 0.13	1.77 ± 0.12
TG (mg/dL) 75 ± 9	71 ± 10	67 ± 6	75 ± 12	84 ± 15
TC (mg/dL) 87 ± 4	82 ± 3	78 ± 2	91 ± 5	79 ± 4

Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10).

AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; ALP: alkaline phosphatase; CK: creatine kinase; TBIL: total bilirubin; DBIL: direct bilirubin; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; CR: Creatinine; UA: uric acid; TG: triacylglycerol; TC: total cholesterol.

^a p < 0.001 compared with other groups.

^b p < 0.01 compared with control and vehicle groups.

Figure 2. Effect of Nar on serum MMP-9 concentration. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 10). *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001 when compared with the control and vehicle groups.