Effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics of berberine in rats

Figures & data

Table 1. The blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations of the rats after the blood glucose levels were stably maintained for one week.

Group	Normal group	T2DM model group
Blood glucose (mmol/L)	4.38 ± 0.97	16.95 ± 2.42*
Serum insulin (mIU/L)	16.54 ± 1.15	12.21 ± 1.87*

* p < 0.05, compared with normal group.

Figure 1. The mass spectra of (a) berberine (b) and IS.

Figure 2. Chromatograms of (a) blank plasma, and (b) plasma spiked with berberine and IS. B1: Berberine; B2: IS.

Table 2. The intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of berberine in plasma samples.

		Intra-day			Inter-day
Analyte	Plasma samples (ng/ml)	Concentrationmeasured (ng/ml)	Precision(%, RSD)	Accuracy(%, RE)	Concentrationmeasured (ng/ml)	Precision(%, RSD)	Accuracy(%, RE)
Berberine	2	1.85	4.58	−7.50	2.17	5.64	8.50
	10	10.64	3.24	6.40	9.67	7.56	6.70
	50	46.68	6.55	−6.64	53.64	8.27	7.28

Table 3. Stability of berberine in plasma samples (n = 3).

		Stability (%, RE)
Analyte	Plasma samples(ng/ml)	Short-term (24 h atroom temperature)	Long-term(30 days at −40 °C)	Three freeze (−40 °C)–thaw(room temperature) cycles
Berberine	2	6.42	−5.22	7.62
	10	8.94	6.84	−5.84
	50	8.56	−9.35	7.55

Figure 3. The pharmacokinetic profiles of berberine in rats after oral administration of berberine in normal group and T2DM model group.

Table 4. Pharmacokinetic parameters of berberine in rats after oral administration of berberine to normal rats and T2DM model rats (20 mg/kg; n = 6, Mean ± S.D.).

Parameter	Normal group	T2DM group
Tmax (h)	2.04 ± 0.16	2.24 ± 0.21
Cmax (μg/L)	17.35 ± 3.24	34.41 ± 4.25
t1/2 (h)	3.95 ± 1.27	9.29 ± 2.75
AUC (0–t) (μg/h/L)	151.21 ± 23.96	283.81 ± 53.92
AUMC (0–t) (μg/h/L)	1067.21 ± 224.84	2097.21 ± 543.57
CL (L/h/kg)	134.73 ± 32.15	62.55 ± 16.34
MRT (h)	6.94 ± 1.15	7.32 ± 1.47