Effects of garlic extract on TNF-α expression and oxidative stress status in the kidneys of rats with STZ + nicotinamide-induced diabetes

Figures & data

Table 1. Body weights in control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE).

	Body weight (g)
Groups	First day	10th day	20th day	30th day	40th day
Control	266.33 ± 10.08	269.5 ± 9.7	290.17 ± 11.43	288.5 ± 8.71	309.17 ± 11.93
DM	271.17 ± 17.55	264.17 ± 22.22	291.5 ± 54.5	272.83 ± 28.37	265 ± 21.39**
DM + AGE	266.5 ± 8.93	265.17 ± 8.68	280.5 ± 17.62	288 ± 24.55	301 ± 25.95†
AGE	285.33 ± 12.87	286.17 ± 12.35	282.83 ± 11.82	294.4 ± 17.78	301.6 ± 13.86

Results are mean ± SD (n = 6). **p < 0.01 compare with control; †p < 0.05 compare with DM.

Table 2. Glucose levels in control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE).

	Glucose levels (mg/dL)
Groups	Before induction of DM	7 d After induction of DM	End of treatment
Control	86.66 ± 6.97	85.66 ± 8.83	89.12 ± 10.8
DM	86.5 ± 6.11	367 ± 102.25***	327 ± 140.31***
DM + AGE	84.5 ± 3.65	345.8 ± 19.04	200 ± 74.3†
AGE	86.6 ± 3.09	83.66 ± 3.44	90.29 ± 10.1

Results are mean ± SD (n = 6). ***p < 0.001 compare with control; †p < 0.05 compare with DM.

Table 3. Urea, creatinine and uric acid levels in control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE) at the end of experiment time.

Groups	Urea (mg/dL)	Creatinine (mg/dL)	Uric acid (mg/dL)
Control	53.6 ± 6.31	0.67 ± 0.06	1.89 ± 0.39
DM	93.16 ± 42.36*	0.68 ± 0.04	3.32 ± 1.62*
DM + AGE	42.66 ± 9.07††	0.78 ± 0.05	2.07 ± 0.45†
AGE	56 ± 5.61	0.75 ± 0.06	2.29 ± 0.47

Results are mean ± SD (n = 6). *p < 0.05 compare with control; †p < 0.05 and ††p < 0.01 compare with DM.

Figure 1. (A) Malondialdehyde (MDA) and (B) total oxidative status (TOS) levels in the kidney tissues of control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE). Results are mean ± SD (n = 6). ***p < 0.001 compare with control; ††p < 0.01 and †††p < 0.001 compare with DM.

Figure 2. Nitrite levels in the kidney tissues of control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE). Results are mean ± SD (n = 6). ***p < 0.001 compare with control; ††p < 0.01 compare with DM.

Figure 3. mRNA changes of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the kidney tissues of control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE). Results are mean ± SD (n = 6).

Figure 4. (A) Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) protein levels in the kidney tissues of control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE). Results are mean ± SD (n = 6). **p < 0.01 compare with control; ††p < 0.01 compare with DM.

Figure 5. Histological staining with H&E in the kidney tissues of control rats, diabetic rats (DM), diabetic rats that treated with garlic extract (DM + AGE) and normal rats that received garlic extract (AGE). GL: glomerulus, PT: proximal tube, DT: distal tube. *Interstitial inflammation and → Bowman capsule space.