Antifungal and antiproliferative activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa

Figures & data

Table 1. Identification and antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa.

				Activity against pathogenic fungi
Isolate code	Similarity with	% similarity	Accession no	F	R	S	B
MF1	Trichoderma longibrachiatum strain BHU-BOT-RYRL17	99	KR856223.1	+	+	+	−
MF3	Syncephalastrum racemosum strain AQGSS 12	98	KP721597.1	+	−	−	−
MF5	Trichoderma longibrachiatum voucher 50	99	KP256797.1	+	+	+	−
MF6	Syncephalastrum racemosum strain AQGSS 12	99	KP721597.1	+	−	−	−

Pathogenic fungi – F: Fusarium oxysporum; R: Rhizoctonia solani; S: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; B: Botrytis cinerea.

Effect of endophytic fungi strains against plant pathogenic fungi: −Not active; + slightly active (< 50%).

Figure 1. The morphology (colony appearance, fruiting structures and spores) of identified endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Markhamia tomentosa.

Figure 2. Dual culture bioassay of endophytic fungi of Markhamia tomentosa against Fusarium oxysporum (F. o; ITCC 3636) and Sclerotinia sclerotorium (S. s; ITCC 6323).

Table 2. Yield of extracts obtained from endophytic fungi isolated from Markhamia tomentosa.

		Yield of extracts (mg) in 200g of solid rice media
Number	Isolate code	Ethyl acetate	Methanol	Hexane
1.	MF1	554	197	276
2.	MF3	180	93	21
3.	MF5	437	157	151
4.	MF6	480	298	55

Table 3. Antiproliferative, antifungal and antifeedant activity of fungal crude extracts and fractions.

	Inhibition of cell growth	Poisoned food assay @ 1000 μg/ml				%Antifeedant activity
Fungal isolates	HeLa cell line (IC50)	F	R	S	B	Spodoptera litura
MF1: ethyl acetate	68 μg/ml	+	+	+	−	−
Methanol	>1000 μg/ml	+	+	+	−	−
Hexane	>2000 μg/ml	+	−	−	−	+
MF3: ethyl acetate	137 μg/ml	+	−	−	−	−
Methanol	43.56 μg/ml	+	+	+	−	−
Hexane	>250 μg/ml	−	−	−	−	−
MF5: ethyl acetate	187.4 μg/ml	+	+	+	−	−
Methanol	>250 μg/ml	+	+	+	−	−
Hexane	>1000 μg/ml	−	−	−	−	−
MF6: ethyl acetate	>250 μg/ml	−	−	−	−	+
Methanol	ND	+	−	−	−	−
Hexane	ND	−	−	−	−	−

Pathogenic fungi – F: Fusarium oxysporum; R: Rhizoctonia solani; S: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; B: Botrytis cinerea.

Effect of fungal crude extracts and fractions against plant pathogenic fungi and S. litura; (−): Not active; (+): slightly active (<50%).