Comparison of some secondary metabolite content in the seventeen species of the Boraginaceae family

Figures & data

Table 1. List of species used in the study^a.

Genus	Species	Voucher specimen number
Anchusa	azurea Mill.	3122-E
	undulata L.	3662-E
Borago	officinalis L.	100/2014-S
Buglossoides	purpurocaerulea (L.) I.M. Johnst.	784-E
Cerinthe	minor L.	3559-E
Cynoglossum	creticum Mill.	3692-E
Echium	italicum L.	3699-E
	russicum J.F. Gmel.	2697-P
	vulgare L.	4366-A
Lindelophia	macrostyla (Bunge) Popov	2893-A
Lithosperum	officinale L.	267-P
Nonea	lutea (Desr.) DC.	1466-E
Pulmonaria	mollis Wulfen ex Hornem.	3629-E
	obscura Dumort.	1041-E
Omphalodes	verna Moench	864-E
Symphytum	cordatum Waldst. & Kit ex Willd.	896-A
	officinale L.	2583-P

^a All plant species were authenticated by botanist Grażyna Szymczak PhD (Director of the Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin).

Table 2. Average concentration (±SD) of biologically active compounds in selected species of the Boraginaceae family (n = 3).

	Shoots (mg·g^−1 air-dry matter)						Roots (mg·g^−1 air-dry matter)
	Allantoin	PHBA	Rutin	Hydrocaffeic acid	Rosmarinic acid	Chlorogenic acid	Allantoin	Hydrocaffeic acid	Rosmarinic acid	Shikonin
Anchusa azurea	nd	nd	nd	nd	24.0 ± 9.3	nd	0.21 ± 0.11	nd	3.5 ± 0.62	nd
Anchusa undulata	2.44 ± 0.41	0.183 ± 0.034	0.457 ± 0.055	nd	25.9 ± 1.4	nd	0.08 ± 0.13	nd	27.0 ± 5.65	nd
Borago officinalis	0.83 ± 0.27	nd	nd	nd	3.7 ± 0.2	nd	nd	nd	9.2 ± 1.16	nd
Buglossoides purpureocaerulea	2.93 ± 0.81	nd	0.273 ± 0.001	nd	33.1 ± 2.8	0.368 ± 0.03	1.86 ± 1.31	nd	2.0 ± 0.43	nd
Cerinthe minor	2.83 ± 0.51	nd	nd	1.578 ± 0.332	15.9 ± 0.7	nd	0.21 ± 0.12	nd	4.9 ± 1.33	nd
Cynoglossum creticum	0.67 ± 0.21	nd	0.575 ± 0.100	0.902 ± 0.029	9.6 ± 2.2	nd	0.66 ± 0.64	0.126 ± 0.012	2.0 ± 0.25	nd
Echium italicum	9.59 ± 1.96	0.204 ± 0.014	nd	0.138 ± 0.038	3.3 ± 0.9	nd	34.89 ± 10.44	0.135 ± 0.028	2.3 ± 0.57	0.076 ± 0.023
Echium russicum	7.41 ± 0.94	nd	0.478 ± 0.044	nd	5.1 ± 1.0	nd	10.85 ± 0.92	nd	8.6 ± 0.88	0.168 ± 0.096
Echium vulgare	0.91 ± 0.31	nd	0.329 ± 0.022	0.828 ± 0.288	3.4 ± 0.8	0.360 ± 0.025	0.61 ± 0.19	0.089 ± 0.019	1.3 ± 0.11	0.284 ± 0.183
Lindelofia macrostyla	11.81 ± 2.62	0.180 ± 0.002	0.379 ± 0.026	0.682 ± 0.206	7.7 ± 2.0	nd	11.98 ± 1.02	nd	9.8 ± 0.64	nd
Lithospermum officinale	2.36 ± 0.88	0.174 ± 0.003	0.754 ± 0.303	0.215 ± 0.017	1.2 ± 0.1	1.032 ± 0.06	0.81 ± 0.36	0.131 ± 0.015	1.8 ± 0.31	0.079 ± 0.002
Nonea lutea	0.99 ± 0.38	nd	nd	0.493 ± 0.077	7.7 ± 2.0	0.543 ± 0.07	0.60 ± 0.06	0.212 ± 0.035	2.4 ± 0.31	nd
Pulmonaria mollis	1.04 ± 0.22	nd	nd	nd	36.6 ± 1.2	nd	9.75 ± 0.25	nd	7.5 ± 0.24	nd
Pulmonaria obscura	2.37 ± 0.37	0.173 ± 0.003	nd	nd	15.6 ± 2.0	0.455 ± 0.02	13.14 ± 3.74	nd	7.9 ± 0.38	nd
Omphalodes verna	1.84 ± 0.52	nd	0.537 ± 0.076	nd	12.9 ± 2.7	0.675 ± 0.08	6.92 ± 1.92	0.105 ± 0.008	1.7 ± 0.15	nd
Symphytum cordatum	0.63 ± 0.17	nd	nd	nd	12.4 ± 1.3	nd	7.19 ± 0.75	0.144 ± 0.020	2.8 ± 0.22	nd
Symphytum officinale	9.38 ± 2.72	0.195 ± 0.010	nd	0.203 ± 0.055	4.5 ± 1.5	0.628 ± 0.32	25.77 ± 17.02	nd	7.1 ± 2.63	nd

PHBA: p-hydroxybenzoic acid; nd: not detectable.

Figure 1. Common pattern of electrophoretic HPEC profiles (left side of the figure) and hierarchical clustering dendrograms of the phytochemical profiles (right side of the figure) of the shoots (a) and the roots (b) of 17 Boraginaceae species studied (n = 3). 1 – allantoin, 2 – rutin, 3 – chlorogenic acid, 4 – p-hydroxybenzoic acid, 5 – hydrocaffeic acid, 6 – rosmarinic acid.