Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infected mice with Bryophyllum pinnatum, a medicinal plant with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, reduces bacterial load

Figures & data

Table 1. MIC/MBC of ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of B. Pinnatum and antibiotics (μg/mL).

Clinical strains	Crude extracts/Antibiotics
	Bryophyllum pinnatum(MeOH)	Bryophyllum pinnatum (AE)	Ciprofloxacin	Doxycycline	Metronidazole
	Helicobacter pylori α1	128/128	256/256	8/8	64/64	>128
Helicobacter pylori α2	32/256	256/256	32/32	32/32	>128
Helicobacter pylori α3	512/1024	>1024	2/2	32/32	>128
Helicobacter pylori α4	>1024	>1024	<2	32/32	>128
Helicobacter pylori α5	128/512	>1024	16/16	4/16	>128
Helicobacter pylori α6	>1024	>1024	8/8	32/32	>128

All the values given in the table are means of triplicates determinations. EA: ethyl acetate; MeOH: methanol.

Table 2. Phytochemical screening of methanol extract of B. pinnatum.

Compounds	Methanol extract ofB. pinnatum
Alkaloids	+
Flavonoids	+
Phenolics	+
Saponins	–
Tannins	+
Triterpenes	–
Anthraquinones	+
Anthocyanines	–
Steroids	+

The plus sign (+) indicates that there is the presence of a given compound while the minus (−) shows a given compound is missing.

Table 3. Antioxidant activity of Bryophyllum pinnatum methanol extract and vitamin C.

Plant extract and standard	DPPH (IC50 μg/mL ± SD)	Reducing power (EC50 μg/mL ± SD)	Hydroxyl radical (IC50 μg/mL ± SD)
Bryophyllum pinnatum	25.31 ± 0.34^ab	55.94 ± 0.68^b	11.18 ± 0.74
Vitamin C	6.08 ± 0.40^a	15.32 ± 0.11^a	9.71 ± 0.40

Data are means ± standard deviation (n = 3 tests). The values in the same column with different superscript letter (^a or ^b) are significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 4. Effect of different dose of B. pinnatum and ciprofloxacin on the percentage (%) of H. pylori tested negative animals.

Treatment group (mg/kg)	Negative test (%)
	1 day after cessation of treatment				7 days after cessation of treatment
	Urease	Catalase	Oxidase	Gram staining	Urease	Catalase	Oxidase	Gram staining
	Normal	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
Helicobacter pylori + vehicle	17	0.00	0.00	17	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Helicobacter pylori + B. pin, 125	67	67	83	50	67	100	100	67
Helicobacter pylori + B. pin, 250	67	83	83	50	83	100	100	67
Helicobacter pylori + B. pin, 500	83	83	100	67	83	100	100	83
Helicobacter pylori + Ciprof, 500	83	100	100	83	100	100	100	100

All the percentages given in the table are means of the six animals (n = 6) that tested negative per group. B. pin: Bryophyllum pinnatum; Ciprof: ciprofloxacin.

Figure 1. Effects of different treatment on the recovery of H. pylori from infected mice. Each circle represents the bacterial count for one animal. (Inf): infected + vehicle; (Inf + Bp 125): infected + B pinnatum 125 mg/kg; (Inf + Bp 250): infected + B pinnatum 250 mg/kg; (Inf + Bp 500): infected + B pinnatum 500 mg/kg; (Inf + Cp 500): infected + ciprofloxacin 500 mg/kg; (Uninf): normal group. Data column of the different treatment with superscript * are significantly different compared with infected control group (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01).