The novel role of β-aescin in attenuating CCl₄-induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Figures & data

Table 1. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on % change in body weight (g) and relative liver weight (g) after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Groups	% change in body weight (g)	Relative liver weight/100g of body weight (g)
Normal control	13.25 ± 4.3	3.15 ± 0.16
CCl4 control	−26.36 ± −13.02^a	7.26 ± 0.86^a
Silymarin 50 mg/kg treated	4.63 ± 9.77^b	3.932 ± 0.49^a^,^b
β-Aescin 0.9 mg/kg treated	−10.126 ± 3.51^a^,^b	5.99 ± 0.52^a^,^b
β-Aescin 1.8 mg/kg treated	−5.52 ± 4.36^a^,^b	5.38 ± 0.32^a^,^b
β-Aescin 3.6 mg/kg treated	4.47 ± 4.19^a^,^b	3.86 ± 0.36^a^,^b

^a p < 0.05 as compared with normal control.

^b p < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control.

Table 2. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on serum ALT, AST, ALP, total bilirubin and direct bilirubin after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Groups	ALT (IU/L)	AST (IU/L)	ALP (IU/L)	Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)
Normal control	45.97 ± 8.76	44.19 ± 7.99	80.3 ± 16.21	0.21 ± 0.04	0.17 ± 0.04
CCl4 control	206.7 ± 18.68^a	171.82 ± 12.19^a	259 ± 7.03^a	1.35 ± 0.08^a	1.05 ± 0.06^a
Silymarin 50 mg/kg treated	68.95 ± 9.27^a^,^b	64.68 ± 6.42^a^,^b	108.2 ± 4.83^a^,^b	0.42 ± 0.08^a^,^b	0.28 ± 0.04^a^,^b
β-Aescin 0.9 mg/kg treated	152.75 ± 13.53^a^,^b	128.3 ± 8.92^a^,^b	194.9 ± 9.81^a^,^b	0.97 ± 0.11^a^,^b	0.67 ± 0.02^a^,^b
β-Aescin 1.8 mg/kg treated	91.93 ± 9.57^a^,^b	83.2 ± 5.67^a^,^b	157.3 ± 9.39^a^,^b	0.60 ± 0.04^a^,^b	0.43 ± 0.03^a^,^b
β-Aescin 3.6 mg/kg treated	71.77 ± 9.91^a^,^b	71.39 ± 9.93^a^,^b	121.2 ± 5.94^a^,^b	0.40 ± 0.05^a^,^b	0.27 ± 0.04^a^,^b

^a p < 0.05 as compared with normal control.

^b p < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control.

Figure 1. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on tissue collagen level after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed mean ± SD. ^ap < 0.05 as compared with normal control and ^bp < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control.

Figure 2. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on serum TGF-β1 after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed mean ± SD. ^ap < 0.05 as compared with normal control and ^bp < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control and ^cp < 0.05 as compared with silymarin 50 mg/kg treated.

Figure 3. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on tissue nitrite/nitrate level after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed mean ± SD. ^ap < 0.05 as compared with normal control and ^bp < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control.

Figure 4. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on TBARS level after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed mean ± SD. ^ap < 0.05 as compared with normal control and ^bp < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control.

Figure 5. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on hepatic GSH level after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed mean ± SD. ^ap < 0.05 as compared with normal control and ^bp < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control.

Figure 6. Effect of different doses of β-aescin administration on serum TNF-α after CCl₄ challenge. Values are expressed mean ± SD. ^ap < 0.05 as compared with normal control and ^bp < 0.05 as compared with CCl₄ control and ^cp < 0.05 as compared with silymarin 50 mg/kg treated.

Figure 7. Representation of histopathological changes in livers obtained from rat groups at (H&E, ×100) (A) Normal control; (B) CCl₄ control; (C) silymarin 50 mg/kg treated; (D) β-aescin 0.9 mg/kg treated; (E) β-aescin 1.8 mg/kg treated; (F) β-aescin 3.6 mg/kg treated.

Table 3. Histopathological changes in liver of rats treated with β-aescin.

Groups	Observations	Score
Normal control	Normal architecture of liver	0
CCl4 control	Large numbers of inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes along with hepatic sinusoidal inflammation, vacuolization of cytoplasm, fatty vacuoles and hepatocyte necrosis	+++
Silymarin 50 mg/kg treated	Area of regeneration and dark nucleus	#
β-Aescin 0.9 mg/kg treated	Presence of less clusters of inflammatory cells and absence of hepatocyte necrosis	++
β-Aescin 1.8 mg/kg treated	Very few inflammatory lesions along with prominent nucleolus	+
β-Aescin 3.6 mg/kg treated	Marked focal regenerative changes	#

0: indicates no score is evaluated.

+++ (severe) indicates when ≥50% area of liver is affected by inflammatory cells and necrotic lesions.

++ (moderate) indicates when 25–50% area of liver is affected by inflammatory cells and necrotic lesions.

+ (mild) indicates when ≤25% area of liver is affected by inflammatory cells and necrotic lesions.

#indicates when regenerating area and prominent nucleolus has been noticed.