Triterpenoids and polysaccharide peptides-enriched Ganoderma lucidum: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study of its antioxidation and hepatoprotective efficacy in healthy volunteers

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart of present study.

Table 1. The anthropometric parameters in GL and placebo-treated healthy subjects.

	Group	Height (cm)	Weight (Kg)	Body fat (%)	BMI (kg/m^2)
Baseline	GL	165.24 ± 8.55^a	63.63 ± 10.75^a	26.06 ± 4.68^a	23.22 ± 2.93^a
	Placebo	164.78 ± 10.11^a	63.75 ± 10.89^a	25.37 ± 4.28^a	23.26 ± 2.97^a
Third month	GL	165.24 ± 8.55^a	62.98 ± 10.98^a	25.79 ± 4.20^a	22.95 ± 3.02^a
	Placebo	164.78 ± 10.11^a	63.55 ± 11.45^a	26.23 ± 4.00^a	23.19 ± 3.18^a
Sixth month	GL	165.24 ± 8.55^a	63.36 ± 11.01^a	25.91 ± 4.54^a	22.97 ± 3.31^a
	Placebo	164.78 ± 10.11^a	63.18 ± 11.09^a	26.43 ± 4.47^a	23.05 ± 3.06^a

Values were expressed as means ± SD (n = 39). Data within the same column of each group sharing different superscript letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).

BMI: body mass index; GL: Ganoderma lucidum.

Table 2. Various plasma oxidative indexes in GL and placebo-treated healthy subjects.

	Group	TEAC (%)	TBARS (μM/L)	8-OH-dG (pg/mL)	Thiols (mM/mL)	GSH (μM/L)
Baseline	GL	79.33 ± 4.95^a	3.37 ± 0.47^a	15.99 ± 2.39^a	0.19 ± 0.04^b	6.00 ± 1.07^b
	Placebo	80.70 ± 5.04^a	3.26 ± 0.44^a	14.70 ± 3.00^a	0.21 ± 0.06^a	6.90 ± 1.48^a
Third month	GL	82.93 ± 3.087^a	3.28 ± 0.81^a	14.49 ± 2.72^a	0.20 ± 0.05^b	7.30 ± 1.66^a
	Placebo	80.97 ± 3.98^a	3.32 ± 0.73^a	15.19 ± 2.99^a	0.20 ± 0.07^a	6.66 ± 1.63^a
Sixth month	GL	84.04 ± 3.74^b	2.47 ± 0.68^b	11.98 ± 1.79^b	0.28 ± 0.05^a	8.05 ± 1.42^a
	Placebo	80.24 ± 3.79^a	3.30 ± 0.88^a	15.35 ± 3.07^a	0.19 ± 0.06^a	6.63 ± 1.39^a

Values were expressed as means ± SD (n = 39). Data within the same column of each group bearing different superscript letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 3. Erythrocyte antioxidative enzymes in GL and placebo-treated healthy subjects.

	Group	SOD (IU/g Hb)	CAT (IU/g Hb)	G-6-PDH (IU/g Hb)	GPx (IU/g Hb)	GR (IU/g Hb)
Baseline	GL	1155.98 ± 150.11^c	246.26 ± 28.08^b	11.99 ± 1.99^b	13.16 ± 1.71^b	4.00 ± 0.61^a
	Placebo	1143.95 ± 170.14^a	245.83 ± 32.43^a	11.83 ± 2.11^b	12.64 ± 1.43^a	3.95 ± 0.64^a
Third month	GL	1244.73 ± 149.46^b	268.87 ± 28.22^ab	12.40 ± 2.26^b	14.39 ± 1.20^b	4.29 ± 0.66^a
	Placebo	1141.25 ± 155.46^a	244.86 ± 31.80^a	11.93 ± 2.19^a	13.07 ± 1.53^a	3.99 ± 0.63^a
Sixth month	GL	1385.63 ± 139.01^a	279.21 ± 26.18^a	13.56 ± 2.11^a	15.44 ± 1.17^a	4.53 ± 0.68^a
	Placebo	1144.60 ± 150.73^a	242.97 ± 28.32^a	11.94 ± 2.03^a	12.63 ± 1.78^a	3.99 ± 0.63^a

Values were expressed as means ± SD (n = 39). Data within the same column of each group bearing different superscript letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).

Table 4. The hepatic marker enzymes in plasma of GL and placebo-treated healthy subjects.

	Group	GPT (U/L)	GOT (U/L)
Baseline	GL	22.58 ± 5.13^a	20.65 ± 4.37^a
	Placebo	20.05 ± 4.93^a	19.65 ± 5.46^a
Third month	GL	16.85 ± 3.46 ^b	19.85 ± 4.63^a
	Placebo	20.25 ± 3.94^a	20.45 ± 4.74^a
Sixth month	GL	13.08 ± 2.79^c	15.50 ± 3.17^b
	Placebo	21.33 ± 5.11^a	19.90 ± 4.83^a

Values were expressed as means ± SD (n = 39). Data within the same column of each group bearing different superscript letters were significantly different (p < 0.05).

Figure 2. The abdominal ultrasonic image of GL-treated healthy subjects. Image A, B and C represents subject no. 10, 19 at baseline with mild fatty liver and subject no. 36 at baseline with gall bladder polyp (indicated with a circle). Image D, E and F represents subject no. 10, 19 and 36 after 6 months of GL treatment display normal hepatic structure without any signs of fatty liver or gallbladder polyp.